Lake Kawaupaku
Geology
The lake was originally a river valley. 7,200 years ago at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, when sea-levels began to rise, Te Henga / Bethells Beach began to form, as sand dunes migrated into the river valley. When sand dunes formed a barrier, Lake Kawaupaka began to form as a freshwater lake.
History
The lake is within the traditional rohe of Te Kawerau ā Maki, and was known as Roto Kawaupaku. The name refers to the Little black cormorant (kawaupaka), who were seen as the guardians of the lake. The lake was part of the greater Te Henga / Bethells Beach and Waitākere River area of settlements, with the localities of Tūrapa located on the north shore and, Pākōwhatu to the east of the lake. Pākōwhatu was a pā that used Ngāti Awa fortification techniques, learnt from the Ngāti Awa people as they travelled south past the Waitākere Ranges area towards Kawhia Harbour and Taranaki.
The lake remained mostly undisturbed during European colonisation. During the 19th century, flax was harvested from the lake, and pioneer John Neale Bethell planted an orchard on the lakeside. The lake was purchase din 1979 by the Queen Elizabeth II National Trust, after which it was administered by the Auckland Regional Council as a nature reserve.
See also
References
- ^ Gregory's Auckland & Surrounds Street Directory (3rd ed.). 2008. p. map 165. ISBN 978-0-7319-2048-8.
- ^ "Fishing helps clear the murky depths at Lake Wainamu". Auckland Regional Council. 26 March 2007. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ "Schedule 1: Wetland Management Areas" (PDF). Proposed Auckland Regional Plan: Air, Land and Water Plan. July 2005. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ TKITA-2013-0062 CULTURAL VALUES ASSESSMENT FOR BETHELLS / TE HENGA / WAITAKERE VALLEY LOCAL AREA PLAN Prepared by Edward Ashby Heritage and Environment Unit Te Kawerau Iwi Tribal Authority
- ^ Cameron, Ewen; Hayward, Bruce; Murdoch, Graeme (2008). A Field Guide to Auckland: Exploring the Region's Natural and Historical Heritage (Revised ed.). Random House New Zealand. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-86962-1513.
- ^ Murdoch, Graeme (1990). "Nga Tohu o Waitakere: the Maori Place Names of the Waitakere River Valley and its Environs; their Background History and an Explanation of their Meaning". In Northcote-Bade, James (ed.). West Auckland Remembers, Volume 1. West Auckland Historical Society. pp. 13, 17, 22. ISBN 0-473-00983-8.
- ^ "Lake Kawaupaka". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
- ^ Waitākere Ranges Local Board (October 2015). "Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area" (PDF). Auckland Council. ISBN 978-0-908320-17-2. Retrieved 15 May 2022.