Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Northern Yi: /nɛ˨˩ʂa˧/) is an autonomous prefecture occupying much of the southern extremity of Sichuan province, People's Republic of China. Its seat is Xichang. Liangshan covers an area of 60,261 km (23,267 sq mi) and has over 4.8 million inhabitants as of 2020. It has the largest population of ethnic Yi (or Nosu) among China's prefectures. Liangshan contains a number of isolated villages high up on its cliffs, often known as "cliff villages".

Xichang has the Xichang Qingshan Airport and the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. The prefecture also features a substantial network of railways for both passengers and freight.

The Anning River, which runs into the Jinsha River (Yangtze River headwaters), is the main river in the area.

Owing to its low latitude and high elevation, Liangshan has a mild climate. Under the Köppen system, the prefecture belongs to the humid subtropical zone (Köppen Cwa). Winters feature mild days and cool nights, while summers are very warm and humid. Monthly daily mean temperatures range from 9.6 °C (49.3 °F) in January to 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) in July. Unlike much of the province, which lies in the Sichuan Basin, humidity levels in winter are rather low, but like the rest of the province, rainfall is concentrated in the months of June through September, and the prefecture is virtually rainless in winter.

Due to the mountainous terrain, many villages that lie among the mountain cliffs of Liangshan Yi are isolated from the rest of Sichuan. They are called cliff villages as they tend to be isolated and lie at vertical heights of about 800 m (2,600 ft). Access to these cliff villages tends to be through vines of trees along the cliffs and steep ladders made of ropes. In 2016, the state run The Beijing News reported one such village called Atulie'er where children climbed up a rope ladder for two hours to reach their home from school, often leading to falls and deaths. In light of this, the local government constructed a special steel ladder (dubbed "Stairway to heaven") in November 2016 for people to climb up and down in a safer manner.

Liangshan directly controls two county-level cities, 14 counties, and 1 autonomous county.

Map
Xichang (city) Yanyuan County Dechang County Huili (city) Huidong County Ningnan County Puge County Butuo County Jinyang County Zhaojue County Xide County Mianning County Yuexi County Ganluo County Meigu County Leibo County Muli County
Name	Hanzi	Hanyu Pinyin	Yi	Yi Pinyin	Population (2010 Census)	Area (km)	Density (/km)
Xichang City	西昌市	Xīchāng Shì	ꀒꎂꏃ	Op Rro Shyp	712,434	2,655	268.33
Yanyuan County	盐源县	Yányuán Xiàn	ꋂꂿꑤ	Ce Mo Xiep	350,176	8,388	41.74
Dechang County	德昌县	Déchāng Xiàn	ꄓꍣꑤ	Dep Cha Xiep	214,405	2,284	93.87
Huili City	会理市	Huìlǐ Shì	ꑌꄷꏃ	Nyi Ddix Shyp	430,066	4,527	95.00
Huidong County	会东县	Huìdōng Xiàn	ꉼꄏꑤ	Hop Do Xiep	362,944	3,227	112.47
Ningnan County	宁南县	Níngnán Xiàn	ꆀꆆꑤ	Nip Nap Xiep	170,673	1,667	102.38
Puge County	普格县	Pǔgé Xiàn	ꁌꐭꑤ	Pu Jjyt Xiep	155,740	1,905	81.75
Butuo County	布拖县	Bùtuō Xiàn	ꀭꄮꑤ	Bux Te Xiep	160,151	1,685	95.04
Jinyang County	金阳县	Jīnyáng Xiàn	ꏁꇉꑤ	Shyx lo Xiep	165,121	1,587	104.04
Zhaojue County	昭觉县	Zhāojué Xiàn	ꏪꐦꑤ	Juo Jjop Xiep	251,836	2,699	93.30
Xide County	喜德县	Xǐdé Xiàn	ꑝꅇꑤ	Xit Ddop Xiep	165,906	2,206	75.20
Mianning County	冕宁县	Miǎnníng Xiàn	ꍿꆈꑤ	Rruo Nuo Xiep	351,245	4,423	79.41
Yuexi County	越西县	Yuèxī Xiàn	ꃺꄧꑤ	Vyt Tuo Xiep	269,896	2,257	119.58
Ganluo County	甘洛县	Gānluò Xiàn	ꇤꇉꑤ	Ga Lo Xiep	195,100	2,156	90.49
Meigu County	美姑县	Měigū Xiàn	ꂿꈬꑤ	Mo Ggu Xiep	221,505	2,573	86.08
Leibo County	雷波县	Léibō Xiàn	ꃀꁧꑤ	Mop Bbo Xiep	223,885	2,932	76.35
Muli Tibetan Autonomous County	木里藏族自治县	Mùlǐ Zàngzú Zìzhìxiàn	ꃆꆹꀒꋤꊨꏦꏱꅉꑤ	Mup Li Op Zzup Zyt Jie Jux Dde Xiep	131,726	13,252	9.94

Nationality	Population	Percentage
Yi	2,226,755	49.13%
Han	2,155,357	47.55%
Tibetan	60,679 (2000)	1.49% (2000)
Mosuo and Mongol	27,277 (2000)	0.67% (2000)
Hui	18,385 (2000)	0.45% (2000)
Miao	11,912 (2000)	0.29%
Lisu	9,121 (2000)	0.22% (2000)
Buyei	5,459 (2000)	0.13% (2000)
Nakhi	5,199 (2000)	0.13% (2000)
Others	8,751	0.22%

• Asteroid 121001 Liangshanxichang

• Official website of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture government