The Canadian province of Alberta holds elections to its unicameral legislative body, the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. The maximum period between general elections of the assembly is five years, but the Lieutenant Governor is able to call one at any time. However, the premier has typically asked the lieutenant governor to call the election in the fourth or fifth year after the preceding election. The number of seats has increased over time, from 25 for the first election in 1905, to the current 87.

Alberta's politics has historically been one of long-lasting governments with government changes being few and far between. The province from 1905 to 2015 was ruled by four "dynasties": the Liberal Party (1905–1921); the United Farmers of Alberta (1921–1935), the Social Credit Party (1935–1971), and the Progressive Conservative (PC) Association (1971–2015), the longest political dynasty in Canada. No minority government has ever been elected. Thus, Alberta can be said to have continuously had a dominant-party system for its entire political history, though the dominant party has changed over time.

In 2015, the NDP were elected to government for the first time in Alberta's history. The NDP had Alberta's only one term government thus far.

In 2019 the newly formed United Conservative Party formed the government.

From 1905 to 1956, Alberta elections used a combination of single-member and multi-member districts. From 1905 to 1924, each voter cast as many votes as seats to be filled in the district. From 1924 to the present, each voter has been able to cast just one vote.

From 1905 to 1924, plurality was enough to be elected.

From 1924 to 1956, each voter cast a ranked ballot, creating a hybrid of Single Transferable Voting in multi-member districts and Instant-runoff voting in single-member districts, producing proportional representation in the cities and majoritarian results elsewhere. Only Alberta and Manitoba have used a proportional representation system for any length of time in the history of Canada, although in both provinces it was applied only partially.

Since 1956, Alberta's elections have used single-member plurality, also known as First-past-the-post voting.

Summary

The table below shows the total number of seats won by each political party in each election. Full details on any election are linked via the year of the election at the start of the row, and details for the legislature that followed the election are available at the legislature number. Note that election results show differences at 1926 and 1959, when different electoral systems were adopted, as described in the "Electoral system" section.

Year	Seats	Winner	Legislature	United Conservative Party	Progressive Conservative	Liberal	NDP	Social Credit	United Farmers	Dominion Labor	Ind.	Other elected members	Other parties	Voter turnout
1905	25	Liberal	1st		3	22
1909	41	Liberal	2nd		2	36					2	1	Socialist
1913	56	Liberal	3rd		17	38
1917	58	Liberal	4th		19	34						5	1 Labor Representation League 2 Alberta Non-Partisan League 2 non-partisan members elected by Soldiers and Nurses voting in 2-seat district
1921	61	United Farmers	5th			15			38	4	4
1926	60	United Farmers	6th		4	7			43	5	1
1930	63	United Farmers	7th		6	11			39	4	3
1935	63	Social Credit	8th		2	5		56						81.8%
1940	57	Social Credit	9th			1		36				20	Independent Movement (19), Labour (1)
1944	60	Social Credit	10th				2	51			3	4	Navy, Army and Air Force reps. (overseas, non-partisan)(3); Veterans' and Active Force (Edmonton)(1)
1948	57	Social Credit	11th			2	2	51			2
1952	60	Social Credit	12th		2	3	1	53			1
1955	61	Social Credit	13th		3	15	2	37			3	1	Coalition
1959	65	Social Credit	14th		1	1		61			1	1	Coalition
1963	63	Social Credit	15th			2		60				1	Coalition
1967	65	Social Credit	16th		6	3		55			1
1971	75	PC	17th		49		1	25
1975	75	PC	18th		69		1	4			1			59.58%
1979	79	PC	19th		74		1	4						58.71%
1982	79	PC	20th		75		2				2			66.00%
1986	83	PC	21st		61	4	16					2	Representative	47.25%
1989	83	PC	22nd		59	8	16							53.60%
1993	83	PC	23rd		51	32								60.21%
1997	83	PC	24th		63	18	2							53.75%
2001	83	PC	25th		74	7	2							53.38%
2004	83	PC	26th		62	16	4					1	Alberta Alliance	45.12%
2008	83	PC	27th		72	9	2							40.59%
2012	87	PC	28th		61	5	4					17	Wildrose	56.96%
2015	87	NDP	29th		10	1	54					22	Wildrose (21), Alberta Party (1)	58.4%
2019	87	UCP	30th	63			24							64.0%
2023	87	UCP	31st	49			38							62.4%