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  • 21 Aug, 2019

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List Of Works By Charles Holden
Charles Holden (12 May 1875 – 1 May 1960) was an English architect best known for designing many London Underground stations during the 1920s and 1930s. Other notable designs were Bristol Central Library, the Underground Electric Railways Company of London's headquarters at 55 Broadway and the University of London's Senate House. Many of his buildings have been granted listed building status, indicating that they are considered to be of architectural or historical interest and protecting them from unapproved alteration. He also designed over 60 war cemeteries and two memorials in Belgium and northern France for the Imperial War Graves Commission from 1920 to 1928.

Holden's early architectural training was in Bolton and Manchester where he worked for architects Everard W. Leeson and Jonathan Simpson before moving to London. After a short period with Arts and Crafts designer Charles Robert Ashbee, he went to work for Henry Percy Adams in 1899. He became Adams' partner in the firm in 1907 and remained with it for the rest of his career.

Buildings

Holden's early buildings were influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement, but for most of his career he championed an unadorned style based on simplified forms and massing that was free of what he considered to be unnecessary decorative detailing. He believed strongly that architectural designs should be dictated by the intended functions of buildings. After the First World War he increasingly simplified his style and his designs became pared-down and modernist, influenced by continental European architecture. This list includes all buildings for which Holden was commissioned to produce designs.

Building Location Year
completed 		Listed Note
14–15 Old Bond Street Westminster 1911 –
55 Broadway Westminster 1929 Grade I First cruciform plan office building in Britain; includes St James's Park tube station. Sculptures commissioned by Holden for the building include Jacob Epstein's Day and Night and Henry Moore's first public commission.
87 Harmer Green Lane Welwyn, Hertfordshire 1906 – Holden's own home
127 & 129 High Holborn Holborn 1904 Grade II
Acton Town Underground station Acton 1932 Grade II
Almshouses Woburn, Bedfordshire 1906 –
Alperton Underground station Alperton 1931 –
Archway Underground station Archway 1931 – Replacement Portland stone and glazed screen entrance façade, since demolished
Arnos Grove Underground station Arnos Grove 1932 Grade II*
Balham Underground station Balham 1926 Grade II
Bedfordshire Cottages, Workhouse site Woburn, Bedfordshire 1901 –
Belgrave Hospital for Children Kennington 1903 Grade II*
Birchmoor Lodge Woburn, Bedfordshire 1901 –
Bond Street Underground station West End 1927 – Replacement Portland stone and glazed screen entrance façade, since demolished
Boston Manor Underground station Boston Manor 1934 Grade II With Stanley Heaps
Bounds Green Underground station Bounds Green 1932 Grade II With Charles Holloway James
Bristol Central Library Bristol 1906 Grade I A Tudor revival exterior with classical interior. Furnishings also by Holden.
Bristol Royal Infirmary King Edward VII memorial extension Bristol 1912 –
British Medical Association Strand 1908 Grade II* Now Zimbabwe House. Jacob Epstein's series of sculptures caused great controversy when unveiled. They were defaced in the 1930s to prevent pieces falling off.
British Seamen's Hospital Istanbul, Turkey 1903 –
Bushey Heath Underground station Bushey, Hertfordshire – – Unbuilt
Cavendish Laboratory, Austin Wing, University of Cambridge Cambridge, Cambridgeshire 1940 –
Chiswick Park Underground station Chiswick 1932 Grade II
Clapham Common Underground station Clapham 1924 Grade II
Clapham South Underground station Clapham 1926 Grade II
Clifton College Memorial Arch Bristol 1922 Grade II
Colliers Wood Underground station Colliers Wood 1926 Grade II
Cockfosters Underground station Cockfosters 1933 Grade II
Cottages Port Sunlight, Merseyside 1898 –
Cottage Hospital Woburn, Bedfordshire 1903 Grade II Listed as Henry P. Adams design
Crowholt Lodge Woburn, Bedfordshire 1914 –
Danvers Tower, Cheyne Walk Chelsea – – Unbuilt design for artists' studios
Ealing Common Underground station Ealing 1931 Grade II With Stanley Heaps
Eastcote Underground station Eastcote 1939 Grade II
East Finchley Underground station East Finchley 1939 Grade II With Leonard Holcombe Bucknell
Elstree South Underground station Elstree, Hertfordshire – – Unbuilt
Evelyn House, Oxford Street West End 1909 Grade II
Farm Cottages Mayland, Essex 1906 –
Finchley Central Underground station Finchley – – With Reginald Uren. Unbuilt.
Gants Hill Underground station Gants Hill 1947 – The platform level concourse was modelled after stations on the Moscow Metro
General Hospital Tunbridge Wells, Kent 1902 –
Green Park Underground station Piccadilly 1932 – New Portland stone entrance shelter adjacent to Green Park, since demolished
Grey Gables Bolton, Greater Manchester 1898 –
Hall of Remembrance (War Museum) London – – Unbuilt
Hammersmith tube station Hammersmith 1931 – New Portland stone and glazed screen secondary entrance façade, since demolished
Haresfoot Berkhamsted, Buckinghamshire 1920 – Additions to existing house
Highgate Underground station Highgate 1939 – Partly built and partly disused
Holborn Underground station Holborn 1933 – Replacement Portland stone and glazed screen entrance façade
Homeopathic Cottage Hospital Southport, Lancashire 1909 – Arts and Crafts hospital building with sea view.
Hounslow West Underground station Hounslow 1931 Grade II With Stanley Heaps
House Delamere Forest, Cheshire 1898 – Holden's first project, unknown location
House Holford, Somerset 1923 –
House Knight Bepton Common, Midhurst, West Sussex 1915 –
House Mayor Bicknoller, Somerset 1928 –
House Semon Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire 1910 Grade II Now known as Rignalls
House Sixsmith Adlington, Lancashire 1907 Grade II Now known as Brown Low
Institution of Electrical Engineers Interiors, Savoy Place Westminster 1911 –
Isle of Thanet District Hospital Margate, Kent 1926 Grade II Now part of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother Hospital
Isolation Hospital for Infectious Diseases Ampthill, Bedfordshire 1903 –
King Edward VII Sanatorium Midhurst, West Sussex 1906 Grade II* Chapel separately listed Grade II*
Lodge Woburn, Bedfordshire 1908 –
Lodge, Birchmoor Drive Woburn, Bedfordshire 1914 –
Kings College for Women Kensington 1916 Grade II Wren-influenced design for college for domestic science
Sir James Knott Memorial Flats Tynemouth 1939 – With Tasker & Child
Law Society extension Holborn 1904 Grade II* Listed with main building by Lewis Vulliamy
Leicester Square Underground station West End 1933 – New Portland stone entrance building including public house and sub-surface booking hall and concourse
London Underground Acton Works and Offices Acton 1932 –
Manor House Underground station Manor House 1932 –
Mansion House Underground station City of London 1930 – Replacement Portland stone and glazed screen entrance façade, since demolished
Memorial Chapel, New College, Oxford Oxford, Oxfordshire – – Unbuilt
Morden Underground station Morden 1926 –
Mortuary Chapel, Richmond Hospital Richmond 1914 –
National Library of Wales Aberystwyth, Wales 1937 Grade II* Front range (modified version of earlier design by Sidney Greenslade). Also the Central Hall (completed 1955).
Northfields Underground station Northfields 1932 Grade II
Oakwood Underground station Oakwood 1932 Grade II* With Charles Holloway James. The free-standing station sign is separately listed Grade II
Orchestral Association London 1912 –
Osterley Underground station Osterley 1934 Grade II With Stanley Heaps
Piccadilly Circus Underground station Piccadilly 1928 Grade II Sub-surface booking hall and concourse beneath the roadway of Piccadilly Circus
Rayners Lane Underground station Harrow 1938 Grade II With Reginald Uren
Redbridge Underground station Redbridge 1947 Grade II
Royal Northern Hospital Holloway 1941 – Demolished
Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear 1906 – With W. L. Newcombe
Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital Westminster 1926 –
St George's Hospital, Hyde Park Corner Westminster – – Unbuilt
St Luke's Hospital Valletta, Malta 1939 –
School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London Bloomsbury 1946 Grade II
Senate House, University of London Bloomsbury 1937 Grade II* Tallest office building in London from 1937 to 1957. Remnant of a much grander unrealised scheme.
Shire Hall extension Bedford, Bedfordshire 1910 Grade II Listed with main building by Alfred Waterhouse
Southgate Underground station Southgate 1932 Grade II* Station parade and lamp standards also by Holden separately listed Grade II and Grade II*
South Harrow Underground station South Harrow 1935 –
South Wimbledon Underground station South Wimbledon 1926 Grade II
SS Caldedonia, Interiors – 1922 – Interior design of principal rooms for Anchor Line ocean liner
SS Cameronia, Interiors – 1922 – Interior design of principal rooms for Anchor Line ocean liner
SS Tuscania, Interiors – 1922 – Interior design of principal rooms for Anchor Line ocean liner
Sudbury Hill Underground station Sudbury 1931 Grade II
Sudbury Town Underground station Sudbury 1931 Grade II*
Sutton Valence School Sutton Valence, Kent 1914 Grade II
Sutton Valence School, Chapel Sutton Valence, Kent 1928 –
Tomb of Oscar Wilde, Père Lachaise Cemetery Paris, France 1912 – With Jacob Epstein
Tooting Bec Underground station Tooting 1926 Grade II
Tooting Broadway Underground station Tooting 1926 Grade II
Torbay Hospital Torbay, Devon 1927 –
Torbay Hospital Chapel Torbay, Devon 1929 Grade II
Trent Park House Enfield 1926 Grade II New façades to existing mansion
Turnpike Lane Underground station Harringay 1932 Grade II
Two Cottages Oakley, Bedfordshire 1905 –
Two Cottages Woburn, Bedfordshire 1907 –
Uxbridge Underground station Uxbridge 1938 Grade II With Leonard Holcombe Bucknell
Victoria Hospital Folkestone, Kent 1910 – Ward extensions
Wanstead Underground station Wanstead 1947 –
Warren Street Underground station Euston 1933 – Replacement station building
West Ham Hospital West Ham 1907 –
West Kensington Underground station West Kensington 1928 – New façade and ticket hall
Westminster Female Refuge Westminster 1902 –
Westminster Hospital, Clapham Common Clapham – – Unbuilt
Westminster Underground station Westminster 1924 – Replacement side entrance and ticket hall, since demolished
Women's Hospital, Soho Square Soho 1908 Grade II New façades and internal redesign of two existing houses
Woodcote Aspley Guise, Bedfordshire 1914 –
Wood Green Underground station Wood Green 1932 Grade II
The Arts and Crafts design for the Belgrave Hospital for Children, Kennington, was inspired by Philip Webb and Henry Wilson.
Holden's competition-winning Tudor Revival design for Bristol Central Library was described by Andor Gomme as "one of the great masterpieces of the early Modern Movement".
A typical Edwardian façade for the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, carried out with W. L. Newcombe.
The series of sculptures commissioned from Jacob Epstein for the British Medical Association Building, Strand, Westminster were highly controversial and calls were made in the newspapers to have them removed.
For the Bristol Royal Infirmary, King Edward VII Memorial wing, Holden designed simplified abstract façades of white Portland Stone.
Clifton College Memorial Arch, Bristol was constructed in a Gothic style using limestone and gritstone to match the college buildings.
South Wimbledon station, Merton, demonstrates the modernist glazed "folded screen" design that Holden developed for the seven new stations of the City and South London Railway's extension to Morden.
The cruciform plan of the Underground Group's headquarters at 55 Broadway, Westminster, maximised the daylight entering the building without using light wells. It was the first British office building to be planned in this way.
European architecture inspired a new style for the Piccadilly line described by Holden as "brick boxes with concrete lids". Sudbury Town station, Sudbury, was the first of these.
The single-storey Southgate station, Enfield, features a canopied roof supported on a single central column above a band of clerestory windows that is topped by an illuminated glass and bronze feature.
The designs for new buildings for the University of London, Bloomsbury, were gradually revised and cut back due to a shortage of funds. The 19-storey, 210-foot (64 m) tall Senate House is the only part that was completed and was the tallest office building in London for 20 years.

Cemeteries

Holden worked on the designs for 69 cemeteries for the dead of the First World War as part of his work for the Imperial War Graves Commission (IWGC, now the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC)) between 1918 and 1928. Up until 1920, he worked as senior design architect and his designs are thought to include two of the initial cemetery designs built at Forceville and Louvencourt where Reginald Blomfield was named as the principal architect. In 1920, he became one of the four principal architects for the cemeteries on the Western Front.

Cemetery Location Identified
casualties 		Note
Aubers Ridge British Cemetery Aubers, France 278
Avesnes-le-Comte Communal Cemetery Extension Avesnes-le-Comte, France 329
Awoingt British Cemetery Awoingt, France 714
Bac-Du-Sud British Cemetery Bailleulval, France 737
Bapaume Post Military Cemetery Albert, France 229
Bellicourt British Cemetery Bellicourt, France 892
Bienvillers Military Cemetery Bienvillers-au-Bois, France 1,198
Boulogne Eastern Cemetery Boulogne, France 5,743
Brown's Road Military Cemetery Festubert, France 664
Busigny Communal Cemetery Extension Busigny, France 697
Buttes New British Cemetery Zonnebeke, Belgium 432
Cambrai East Military Cemetery Cambrai, France 474
Cambrin Churchyard Extension Cambrin, France 1,304
Cambrin Military Cemetery Cambrin, France 816
Canada Cemetery, Tilloy-les-Cambrai Cambrai, France 248
Caudry British Cemetery Caudry, France 654
Chapelle British Cemetery Holnon, France 360
Corbie Communal Cemetery Extension Corbie, France 918
Cross Roads Cemetery Fontaine-au-Bois, France 638
Dadizeele New British Cemetery Moorslede, Belgium 871
Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension No. 1 Doullens, France 1,366
Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension No. 2 Doullens, France 459
Dranoutre Military Cemetery Heuvelland, Belgium 456
Forceville Communal Cemetery and Extension Forceville, France 308 The principal architect was Reginald Blomfield, but aspects of the design have been attributed to Holden.
Gorre British and Indian Cemetery Beuvry, France 901
Gouy-en-Artois Communal Cemetery Extension Gouy-en-Artois, France 47
Grand Seraucourt British Cemetery Seraucourt-le-Grand, France 496
Guards Cemetery, Windy Corner Cuinchy, France 1,246
Ham British Cemetery Muille-Villette, France 267
Highland Cemetery, Le Cateau Le Cateau, France 560
Honnechy British Cemetery Honnechy, France 347
Kandahar Farm Cemetery Heuvelland, Belgium 435
Le Cateau Military Cemetery Le Cateau, France 513
Lancashire Cottage Cemetery Comines-Warneton, Belgium 265
La Plus Douve Farm Cemetery Comines-Warneton, Belgium 345
Lindenhoek Chalet Military Cemetery Heuvelland, Belgium 248
London Rifle Brigade Cemetery Comines-Warneton, Belgium 343
Louvencourt Military Cemetery Louvencourt, France 230 The principal architect was Reginald Blomfield, but aspects of the design have been attributed to Holden.
Marcoing British Cemetery Marcoing, France 181
Messines Ridge British Cemetery Messines, Belgium 577
Montay-Neuvilly Road Cemetery Montay, France 418
Naves Communal Cemetery Extension Naves, France 320
Pargny British Cemetery Pargny, France 149
Passchendaele New British Cemetery Zonnebeke, Belgium 501
Poelcapelle British Cemetery Langemark-Poelkapelle, Belgium 1,248
Polygon Wood Cemetery Zonnebeke, Belgium 88 Attached to Buttes New British Cemetery
Pond Farm Cemetery Heuvelland, Belgium 297
Post Office Rifles Cemetery Festubert, France 128
Premont British Cemetery Prémont, France 561
Romeries Communal Cemetery Extension Romeries, France 703
Rue-des-Berceaux Military Cemetery Richebourg-l'Avoué, France 243
St. Aubert British Cemetery Avesnes-les-Aubert, France 391
St. Quentin Cabaret Military Cemetery Heuvelland, Belgium 455
St. Souplet British Cemetery Saint-Souplet, France 591
St. Vaast Post Military Cemetery Richebourg-l'Avoué, France 850
Savy British Cemetery Savy, France 430
Strand Military Cemetery Comines-Warneton, Belgium 802
Tancrez Farm Cemetery Comines-Warneton, Belgium 328
Tournai Communal Cemetery Allied Extension Tournai, Belgium 819
Trefcon British Cemetery Trefcon, France 277
Unicorn Cemetery Vendhuile, France 599
Valenciennes (St. Roch) Communal Cemetery Valenciennes, France 882
Villers Hill British Cemetery Villers-Guislain, France 385
Wailly Orchard Cemetery Wailly, France 351
Warlincourt Halte British Cemetery Saulty, France 1,286 Some sources list this as a Lutyens cemetery that Holden completed
Wimereux Communal Cemetery Wimereux, France 3,022
Woburn Abbey Cemetery Cuinchy, France 315
Wulverghem-Lindenhoek Road Military Cemetery Heuvelland, Belgium 658
Zantvoorde British Cemetery Zantvoorde, Belgium 449
The entrance pavilion at Dadizeele New British Cemetery, Moorslede, Belgium shows the simple style Holden used for the first of his war cemeteries. The Reginald Blomfield designed Cross of Sacrifice is a feature of all IWGC cemeteries.
Landscaping and horticulture, seen at Messines Ridge British Cemetery, Messines, Belgium, are key features of all IWGC cemeteries. Edwin Lutyens' Stone of Remembrance features in larger cemeteries.
Holden enclosed the irregularly placed graves in the battlefield Cemetery at Polygon Wood, Zonnebeke, Belgium with a low wall of local stone capped with Portland stone. The grass path links it to the adjacent Buttes New British Cemetery.
The extremely simplified Portland stone buildings and memorial at Buttes New British Cemetery, Zonnebeke, Belgium are representative of Holden's later war cemeteries.

Memorials

Holden designed two memorials for the missing dead of the First World War as part of his work for the Imperial War Graves Commission between 1920 and 1928. Both are memorials to the missing from the New Zealand Expeditionary Force. They are located in Belgium and are within cemeteries also constructed to his design.

Memorial Location Number of missing Note
Buttes New British Cemetery (New Zealand) Memorial Zonnebeke, Belgium 378 See also Buttes New British Cemetery
Messines Ridge (New Zealand) Memorial Messines, Belgium 827 See also Messines Ridge British Cemetery
Linked pavilions and colonnades of the New Zealand Memorial, Buttes New British Cemetery, Zonnebeke, Belgium.