Newfoundland and Labrador is the ninth-most populous province in Canada, with 510,550 residents recorded in the 2021 Canadian Census, and is the seventh-largest in land area, with 358,170 km (138,290 sq mi). Newfoundland and Labrador has 278 municipalities, including 3 cities, 270 towns, and 5 Inuit community governments; these communities cover only 2.3% of the province's land mass but are home to 90% of its population.

The towns were created by the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador in accordance with the Municipalities Act, 1999, whereas the three cities were each incorporated under their own provincial statutes. Inuit community governments were created in accordance with the 2005 Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement Act. These acts grant the power to enact local bylaws and the responsibility to provide local government services.

St. John's is Newfoundland and Labrador's capital and largest municipality by population and land area. Little Bay Islands is its smallest municipality by population, and Brent's Cove is the smallest municipality by land area.

Newfoundland and Labrador has three cities that had a total population of 152,335 in the 2021 Canadian Census. The provincial capital of St. John's is the largest city by population and land area, with 110,525 residents and 446.02 km (172.21 sq mi). Corner Brook is the smallest city by population in the province, with 19,333 residents. Mount Pearl is the smallest by land area, with 15.65 km (6.04 sq mi).

The three cities are governed under their own provincial legislation – the City of St. John's Act, the City of Mount Pearl Act, and the City of Corner Brook Act. These acts give them the power to enact local bylaws and the responsibility to provide local government services.

The Municipalities Act, 1999 is the legislation enabling the Lieutenant-Governor in Council to incorporate, amalgamate, and disorganize towns in Newfoundland and Labrador upon recommendation by the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Environment. It also provides opportunities for towns to annex areas, and establish or alter their boundaries. The prerequisite to undertake these actions is the preparation of a feasibility report, which includes a requirement for a public hearing.

Newfoundland and Labrador has 270 towns that had a total population of 304,895 in the 2021 Canadian Census. Fifteen of those towns are in Labrador. Newfoundland and Labrador's largest town by population is Conception Bay South with 27,168 residents and the largest by land area is Baie Verte with 371.37 km (143.39 sq mi). Little Bay Islands is its smallest town by population with zero residents, and Brent's Cove is the smallest town by land area with 1.02 km (0.39 sq mi). The province's newest town is George's Brook-Milton, which incorporated on May 8, 2018.

Newfoundland and Labrador has five Inuit community governments that had a total population of 2,323 in the 2021 Canadian Census. The largest Inuit community government in the province by population and land area is Nain with 847 residents and 93.50 km (36.10 sq mi). Postville is the smallest Inuit community government by population in the province with 188 residents, while Hopedale is the smallest by land area with 2.18 km (0.84 sq mi).

All five Inuit community governments are within Nunatsiavut, the Inuit Land Claims Area of Labrador. The five Inuit community governments were formed in 2005 with the signing of the Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement. The agreement granted them powers similar to other types of municipal governments in the province such as the establishment of a local government, municipal parks and recreation, public libraries, and public advertising. Each community elects at-large a council comprising an angajukkak (mayor) and Inuit community councillors.

• 
  St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador's capital and largest city
• 
  Corner Brook, the province's smallest city
• 
  Paradise, a suburb of St. John's

List of municipalities in Newfoundland and Labrador

Name	Municipal type	2021 Census of Population
		Population (2021)	Population (2016)	Change	Land area (km)	Population density (/km)
Corner Brook	City	19,333	19,806	−2.4%	147.88	130.7
Mount Pearl	City	22,477	23,120	−2.8%	15.65	1,436.2
St. John's	City	110,525	108,860	+1.5%	446.02	247.8
Admirals Beach	Town	97	135	−28.1%	24.20	4.0
Anchor Point	Town	305	314	−2.9%	2.26	135.0
Appleton	Town	620	574	+8.0%	6.33	97.9
Aquaforte	Town	74	80	−7.5%	6.88	10.8
Arnold's Cove	Town	964	949	+1.6%	5.25	183.6
Avondale	Town	584	641	−8.9%	29.69	19.7
Badger	Town	682	704	−3.1%	1.89	360.8
Baie Verte	Town	1,311	1,313	−0.2%	371.37	3.5
Baine Harbour	Town	126	124	+1.6%	4.15	30.4
Bauline	Town	412	452	−8.8%	16.05	25.7
Bay Bulls	Town	1,566	1,500	+4.4%	30.60	51.2
Bay de Verde	Town	347	392	−11.5%	13.24	26.2
Bay L'Argent	Town	234	241	−2.9%	3.74	62.6
Bay Roberts	Town	5,974	6,012	−0.6%	24.51	243.7
Baytona	Town	251	262	−4.2%	15.15	16.6
Beachside	Town	97	132	−26.5%	2.58	37.6
Bellburns	Town	52	53	−1.9%	8.83	5.9
Belleoram	Town	348	374	−7.0%	2.20	158.2
Birchy Bay	Town	511	550	−7.1%	49.33	10.4
Bird Cove	Town	175	179	−2.2%	7.69	22.8
Bishop's Cove	Town	252	287	−12.2%	1.90	132.6
Bishop's Falls	Town	3,082	3,156	−2.3%	26.38	116.8
Bonavista	Town	3,190	3,448	−7.5%	31.56	101.1
Botwood	Town	2,778	2,875	−3.4%	14.56	190.8
Branch	Town	177	228	−22.4%	16.18	10.9
Brent's Cove	Town	119	157	−24.2%	1.02	116.7
Brighton	Town	163	188	−13.3%	2.26	72.1
Brigus	Town	699	723	−3.3%	11.48	60.9
Bryant's Cove	Town	343	395	−13.2%	4.90	70.0
Buchans	Town	590	642	−8.1%	4.63	127.4
Burgeo	Town	1,176	1,307	−10.0%	29.51	39.9
Burin	Town	2,237	2,315	−3.4%	34.49	64.9
Burlington	Town	304	314	−3.2%	4.09	74.3
Burnt Islands	Town	540	622	−13.2%	9.48	57.0
Campbellton	Town	459	452	+1.5%	35.81	12.8
Cape Broyle	Town	499	489	+2.0%	10.09	49.5
Cape St. George	Town	809	853	−5.2%	34.47	23.5
Carbonear	Town	4,696	4,858	−3.3%	12.44	377.5
Carmanville	Town	784	740	+5.9%	42.68	18.4
Cartwright, Labrador	Town	439	427	+2.8%	5.87	74.8
Centreville-Wareham-Trinity	Town	1,116	1,147	−2.7%	37.04	30.1
Chance Cove	Town	213	256	−16.8%	18.14	11.7
Change Islands	Town	184	208	−11.5%	5.36	34.3
Channel-Port aux Basques	Town	3,547	4,067	−12.8%	38.84	91.3
Chapel Arm	Town	446	457	−2.4%	28.08	15.9
Charlottetown	Town	292	290	+0.7%	26.47	11.0
Clarenville	Town	6,704	6,291	+6.6%	139.91	47.9
Clarke's Beach	Town	1,400	1,558	−10.1%	12.64	110.8
Coachman's Cove	Town	111	105	+5.7%	18.99	5.8
Colinet	Town	103	80	+28.8%	6.01	17.1
Colliers	Town	613	654	−6.3%	26.24	23.4
Come By Chance	Town	208	228	−8.8%	39.55	5.3
Comfort Cove-Newstead	Town	345	407	−15.2%	29.97	11.5
Conception Bay South	Town	27,168	26,199	+3.7%	59.72	454.9
Conception Harbour	Town	624	685	−8.9%	21.47	29.1
Conche	Town	149	170	−12.4%	10.03	14.9
Cook's Harbour	Town	118	123	−4.1%	1.94	60.8
Cormack	Town	492	597	−17.6%	133.65	3.7
Cottlesville	Town	244	271	−10.0%	11.15	21.9
Cow Head	Town	398	428	−7.0%	17.27	23.0
Cox's Cove	Town	664	688	−3.5%	7.23	91.8
Crow Head	Town	156	177	−11.9%	3.03	51.5
Cupids	Town	699	743	−5.9%	10.86	64.4
Daniel's Harbour	Town	220	253	−13.0%	7.68	28.6
Deer Lake	Town	4,864	5,249	−7.3%	73.26	66.4
Dover	Town	579	662	−12.5%	11.12	52.1
Eastport	Town	527	501	+5.2%	18.48	28.5
Elliston	Town	315	308	+2.3%	10.07	31.3
Embree	Town	679	701	−3.1%	18.35	37.0
Englee	Town	489	527	−7.2%	28.82	17.0
English Harbour East	Town	117	139	−15.8%	2.81	41.6
Fermeuse	Town	266	325	−18.2%	38.33	6.9
Ferryland	Town	371	414	−10.4%	13.22	28.1
Flatrock	Town	1,722	1,683	+2.3%	18.10	95.1
Fleur de Lys	Town	207	244	−15.2%	39.54	5.2
Flower's Cove	Town	272	270	+0.7%	6.77	40.2
Fogo Island	Town	2,117	2,244	−5.7%	238.25	8.9
Forteau	Town	377	409	−7.8%	7.50	50.3
Fortune	Town	1,285	1,401	−8.3%	54.77	23.5
Fox Cove-Mortier	Town	252	295	−14.6%	25.39	9.9
Fox Harbour	Town	226	252	−10.3%	19.81	11.4
Frenchman's Cove	Town	159	169	−5.9%	69.07	2.3
Gallants	Town	50	50	0.0%	6.33	7.9
Gambo	Town	1,816	1,978	−8.2%	93.03	19.5
Gander	Town	11,880	11,688	+1.6%	104.53	113.7
Garnish	Town	542	568	−4.6%	39.10	13.9
Gaskiers-Point La Haye	Town	189	232	−18.5%	23.29	8.1
Gaultois	Town	100	136	−26.5%	4.23	23.6
George's Brook-Milton	Town	719	768	−6.4%	7.60	94.6
Gillams	Town	506	410	+23.4%	6.72	75.3
Glenburnie-Birchy Head-Shoal Brook	Town	241	224	+7.6%	6.52	37.0
Glenwood	Town	739	778	−5.0%	7.08	104.4
Glovertown	Town	1,948	2,083	−6.5%	69.85	27.9
Goose Cove East	Town	172	174	−1.1%	2.71	63.5
Grand Bank	Town	2,152	2,310	−6.8%	16.82	127.9
Grand Falls-Windsor	Town	13,853	14,171	−2.2%	54.84	252.6
Grand le Pierre	Town	176	235	−25.1%	142.81	1.2
Greenspond	Town	257	266	−3.4%	2.75	93.5
Hampden	Town	439	429	+2.3%	32.99	13.3
Hant's Harbour	Town	318	329	−3.3%	31.86	10.0
Happy Adventure	Town	118	200	−41.0%	9.62	12.3
Happy Valley-Goose Bay	Town	8,040	8,109	−0.9%	304.52	26.4
Harbour Breton	Town	1,477	1,634	−9.6%	13.82	106.9
Harbour Grace	Town	2,796	2,995	−6.6%	33.71	82.9
Harbour Main-Chapel's Cove-Lakeview	Town	1,065	1,067	−0.2%	21.19	50.3
Hare Bay	Town	925	969	−4.5%	34.11	27.1
Hawke's Bay	Town	297	315	−5.7%	46.41	6.4
Heart's Content	Town	330	340	−2.9%	62.87	5.2
Heart's Delight-Islington	Town	646	674	−4.2%	26.95	24.0
Heart's Desire	Town	184	213	−13.6%	17.02	10.8
Hermitage-Sandyville	Town	404	422	−4.3%	29.14	13.9
Holyrood	Town	2,471	2,463	+0.3%	126.02	19.6
Howley	Town	179	205	−12.7%	19.91	9.0
Hughes Brook	Town	236	255	−7.5%	1.56	151.3
Humber Arm South	Town	1,537	1,599	−3.9%	65.14	23.6
Indian Bay	Town	172	175	−1.7%	86.49	2.0
Irishtown-Summerside	Town	1,260	1,418	−11.1%	11.88	106.1
Isle aux Morts	Town	559	664	−15.8%	7.75	72.1
Jackson's Arm	Town	277	284	−2.5%	7.07	39.2
Keels	Town	46	51	−9.8%	6.67	6.9
King's Cove	Town	75	90	−16.7%	21.44	3.5
King's Point	Town	653	659	−0.9%	45.72	14.3
Kippens	Town	1,842	2,008	−8.3%	14.24	129.4
Labrador City	Town	7,412	7,220	+2.7%	34.11	217.3
Lamaline	Town	218	267	−18.4%	79.75	2.7
L'Anse-au-Clair	Town	219	216	+1.4%	60.65	3.6
L'Anse-au-Loup	Town	692	558	+24.0%	3.39	204.1
Lark Harbour	Town	508	522	−2.7%	12.94	39.3
LaScie	Town	820	872	−6.0%	29.16	28.1
Lawn	Town	583	624	−6.6%	3.52	165.6
Leading Tickles	Town	296	292	+1.4%	26.59	11.1
Lewin's Cove	Town	546	544	+0.4%	6.33	86.3
Lewisporte	Town	3,288	3,409	−3.5%	36.02	91.3
Little Bay	Town	100	105	−4.8%	1.66	60.2
Little Bay East	Town	84	127	−33.9%	1.56	53.8
Little Bay Islands	Town	0	71	−100.0%	7.34	0.0
Little Burnt Bay	Town	238	281	−15.3%	8.46	28.1
Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove	Town	2,364	2,221	+6.4%	16.99	139.1
Long Harbour-Mount Arlington Heights	Town	185	250	−26.0%	18.33	10.1
Lord's Cove	Town	155	162	−4.3%	29.91	5.2
Lourdes	Town	502	465	+8.0%	7.39	67.9
Lumsden	Town	535	501	+6.8%	19.20	27.9
Lushes Bight-Beaumont-Beaumont North	Town	169	168	+0.6%	34.52	4.9
Main Brook	Town	246	243	+1.2%	28.00	8.8
Mary's Harbour	Town	312	341	−8.5%	34.25	9.1
Marystown	Town	5,204	5,316	−2.1%	62.23	83.6
Massey Drive	Town	1,606	1,632	−1.6%	2.45	655.5
McIvers	Town	575	538	+6.9%	11.97	48.0
Meadows	Town	404	626	−35.5%	3.82	105.8
Middle Arm	Town	443	474	−6.5%	24.93	17.8
Miles Cove	Town	97	104	−6.7%	3.98	24.4
Millertown	Town	87	81	+7.4%	3.08	28.2
Milltown-Head of Bay d'Espoir	Town	669	749	−10.7%	24.95	26.8
Ming's Bight	Town	298	319	−6.6%	3.81	78.2
Morrisville	Town	93	101	−7.9%	14.09	6.6
Mount Carmel-Mitchells Brook-St. Catherines	Town	382	349	+9.5%	60.76	6.3
Mount Moriah	Town	700	746	−6.2%	15.71	44.6
Musgrave Harbour	Town	946	990	−4.4%	67.30	14.1
Musgravetown	Town	561	564	−0.5%	13.49	41.6
New Perlican	Town	200	186	+7.5%	24.45	8.2
New-Wes-Valley	Town	2,044	2,172	−5.9%	132.70	15.4
Nipper's Harbour	Town	74	85	−12.9%	1.93	38.3
Norman's Cove-Long Cove	Town	647	666	−2.9%	20.15	32.1
Norris Arm	Town	708	737	−3.9%	41.35	17.1
Norris Point	Town	602	670	−10.1%	4.84	124.4
North River	Town	579	570	+1.6%	4.2	137.9
North West River	Town	560	547	+2.4%	3.55	157.7
Northern Arm	Town	371	426	−12.9%	24.94	14.9
Old Perlican	Town	608	633	−3.9%	14.14	43.0
Pacquet	Town	145	164	−11.6%	14.44	10.0
Paradise	Town	22,957	21,389	+7.3%	29.67	773.7
Parkers Cove	Town	233	248	−6.0%	4.77	48.8
Parson's Pond	Town	368	345	+6.7%	12.34	29.8
Pasadena	Town	3,524	3,620	−2.7%	49.17	71.7
Peterview	Town	723	828	−12.7%	6.34	114.0
Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove	Town	947	960	−1.4%	4.40	215.2
Pilley's Island	Town	286	294	−2.7%	34.65	8.3
Pinware	Town	64	88	−27.3%	4.08	15.7
Placentia	Town	3,289	3,496	−5.9%	57.80	56.9
Point au Gaul	Town	67	88	−23.9%	3.89	17.2
Point Lance	Town	87	102	−14.7%	28.29	3.1
Point Leamington	Town	574	591	−2.9%	26.80	21.4
Point May	Town	254	231	+10.0%	63.25	4.0
Point of Bay	Town	137	154	−11.0%	21.62	6.3
Pool's Cove	Town	143	193	−25.9%	2.65	54.0
Port Anson	Town	42	130	−67.7%	7.72	5.4
Port au Choix	Town	742	789	−6.0%	35.56	20.9
Port au Port East	Town	413	579	−28.7%	25.06	16.5
Port au Port West-Aguathuna-Felix Cove	Town	384	449	−14.5%	16.97	22.6
Port Blandford	Town	513	488	+5.1%	51.00	10.1
Port Hope Simpson	Town	403	412	−2.2%	32.02	12.6
Port Kirwan	Town	49	52	−5.8%	8.84	5.5
Port Rexton	Town	361	340	+6.2%	11.64	31.0
Port Saunders	Town	678	674	+0.6%	38.50	17.6
Portugal Cove South	Town	86	150	−42.7%	1.08	79.6
Portugal Cove–St. Philip's	Town	8,415	8,147	+3.3%	57.61	146.1
Pouch Cove	Town	2,063	2,069	−0.3%	58.24	35.4
Raleigh	Town	150	177	−15.3%	11.27	13.3
Ramea	Town	388	447	−13.2%	1.86	208.6
Red Bay	Town	142	169	−16.0%	2.31	61.5
Red Harbour	Town	177	189	−6.3%	11.19	15.8
Reidville	Town	550	509	+8.1%	58.28	9.4
Rencontre East	Town	115	139	−17.3%	2.56	44.9
Renews-Cappahayden	Town	280	301	−7.0%	125.93	2.2
River of Ponds	Town	173	215	−19.5%	4.46	38.8
Riverhead	Town	165	185	−10.8%	101.84	1.6
Robert's Arm	Town	722	805	−10.3%	36.09	20.0
Rocky Harbour	Town	937	947	−1.1%	12.08	77.6
Roddickton-Bide Arm	Town	928	999	−7.1%	45.14	20.6
Rose Blanche-Harbour le Cou	Town	344	394	−12.7%	4.49	76.6
Rushoon	Town	229	245	−6.5%	5.89	38.9
Sally's Cove	Town	15	20	−25.0%	4.61	3.3
Salmon Cove	Town	764	680	+12.4%	4.21	181.5
Salvage	Town	108	124	−12.9%	15.85	6.8
Sandringham	Town	205	229	−10.5%	9.57	21.4
Sandy Cove	Town	120	122	−1.6%	8.99	13.3
Seal Cove (Fortune Bay)	Town	100	242	−58.7%	2.03	49.3
Seal Cove (White Bay)	Town	281	303	−7.3%	10.79	26.0
Small Point-Adam's Cove-Blackhead-Broad Cove	Town	414	387	+7.0%	23.12	17.9
South Brook	Town	420	482	−12.9%	8.72	48.2
South River	Town	674	647	+4.2%	5.97	112.9
Southern Harbour	Town	313	395	−20.8%	5.39	58.1
Spaniard's Bay	Town	2,630	2,653	−0.9%	66.09	39.8
Springdale	Town	2,965	2,971	−0.2%	17.46	169.8
St. Alban's	Town	1,189	1,186	+0.3%	20.48	58.1
St. Anthony	Town	2,180	2,258	−3.5%	37.46	58.2
St. Bernard's-Jacques Fontaine	Town	433	433	0.0%	16.08	26.9
St. Brendan's	Town	125	145	−13.8%	9.76	12.8
St. Bride's	Town	318	252	+26.2%	5.38	59.1
St. George's	Town	1,139	1,203	−5.3%	25.71	44.3
St. Jacques-Coomb's Cove	Town	546	588	−7.1%	81.89	6.7
St. Joseph's	Town	86	115	−25.2%	29.22	2.9
St. Lawrence	Town	1,115	1,192	−6.5%	34.86	32.0
St. Lewis	Town	181	194	−6.7%	10.04	18.0
St. Lunaire-Griquet	Town	603	604	−0.2%	17.29	34.9
St. Mary's	Town	313	347	−9.8%	36.41	8.6
St. Pauls	Town	202	238	−15.1%	6.34	31.9
St. Shott's	Town	55	66	−16.7%	1.07	51.4
St. Vincent's-St. Stephen's-Peter's River	Town	263	313	−16.0%	86.62	3.0
Steady Brook	Town	416	444	−6.3%	1.24	335.5
Stephenville	Town	6,540	6,623	−1.3%	35.27	185.4
Stephenville Crossing	Town	1,634	1,719	−4.9%	31.07	52.6
Summerford	Town	805	906	−11.1%	16.04	50.2
Sunnyside	Town	407	396	+2.8%	39.02	10.4
Terra Nova	Town	99	73	+35.6%	2.44	40.6
Terrenceville	Town	446	482	−7.5%	15.12	29.5
Tilt Cove	Town	5	5	0.0%	3.10	1.6
Torbay	Town	7,852	7,899	−0.6%	34.89	225.1
Traytown	Town	279	267	+4.5%	13.30	21.0
Trepassey	Town	405	481	−15.8%	54.21	7.5
Trinity	Town	76	169	−55.0%	12.92	5.9
Trinity Bay North	Town	1,649	1,819	−9.3%	26.19	63.0
Triton	Town	896	983	−8.9%	7.54	118.8
Trout River	Town	508	552	−8.0%	5.83	87.1
Twillingate	Town	2,121	2,196	−3.4%	25.60	82.9
Upper Island Cove	Town	1,401	1,561	−10.2%	7.82	179.2
Victoria	Town	1,658	1,800	−7.9%	17.96	92.3
Wabana	Town	1,815	2,146	−15.4%	14.49	125.3
Wabush	Town	1,964	1,906	+3.0%	42.42	46.3
West St. Modeste	Town	102	111	−8.1%	7.60	13.4
Westport	Town	185	195	−5.1%	5.23	35.4
Whitbourne	Town	955	890	+7.3%	21.51	44.4
Whiteway	Town	351	373	−5.9%	22.53	15.6
Winterland	Town	398	390	+2.1%	54.44	7.3
Winterton	Town	436	450	−3.1%	10.61	41.1
Witless Bay	Town	1,640	1,619	+1.3%	17.61	93.1
Woodstock	Town	195	190	+2.6%	10.05	19.4
Woody Point, Bonne Bay	Town	244	282	−13.5%	3.78	64.6
York Harbour	Town	372	344	+8.1%	13.88	26.8
Hopedale	Inuit community government	596	574	+3.8%	2.18	273.4
Makkovik	Inuit community government	365	377	−3.2%	2.95	123.7
Nain	Inuit community government	1,204	1,125	+7.0%	93.50	9.1
Postville	Inuit community government	188	177	+6.2%	2.39	78.7
Rigolet	Inuit community government	327	305	+7.2%	5.27	62.0
Sub-total cities		152,335	151,786	+0.4%	609.55	249.9
Sub-total towns		305,578	312,161	−2.1%	7,422.78	41.2
Sub-total Inuit community governments		2,323	2,558	−9.2%	106.29	21.9
Total municipalities		460,236	466,505	−1.3%	8,148.66	56.5
Province of Newfoundland and Labrador		510,550	519,716	−1.8%	358,170.37	1.4

• List of census agglomerations in Atlantic Canada
• List of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador
• List of designated places in Newfoundland and Labrador
• List of population centres in Newfoundland and Labrador

• Newfoundland and Labrador: Municipal and Provincial Affairs