Lord Howe Seamount Chain
Geography
The Lord Howe Seamount Chain has been known under a variety of different gazetted names, including the Lord Howe Seamounts, Lord Howe Guyots, Lord Howe Rise Guyots and the Middleton Chain.
The Lord Howe Seamount Chain is on the western slope of Lord Howe Rise, a deep-sea elevated plateau which is a submerged part of Zealandia. The Tasmantid and Lord Howe seamount chains are both broadly within the Tasman basin (the abyssal plain between Lord Howe Rise and the Australian continental shelf), and lie on opposite sides of Dampier Ridge (a submerged continental fragment).
The Lord Howe Seamount Chain extends from north of the Chesterfield group of islands (17°S) to Flinders Seamount (34.7°S). It includes the officially named Nova Bank, Argo and Kelso seamounts, Capel and Gifford guyots, Middleton and Elizabeth reefs, Lord Howe Island and Ball's Pyramid.
Geology
The Lord Howe and Tasmantid chains each resulted from the Indo-Australian Plate moving northward over a stationary hotspot; historically the hotspot for the Lord Howe chain was expected to presently be beneath Flinders Seamount. but is now thought likely to be somewhat to the south of this, possibly beyond the Heemskerck and Zeehaen seamounts. Indeed the dating of this chain has only been as far south as Lord Howe Island which erupted 6.5 million years ago and there are other gaps in relevant knowledge of this hotspot chain. The chain has now been characterised by compositional analysis to be related at 28 million years to the South Rennell Trough spreading center as its potential initiation point with lessening magma being erupted progressively as the younger seamounts of the hot spot were formed. On the Australian mainland, a third north-south sequence of extinct volcanoes (which includes the Glass House Mountains) is likely to have the same origin. The Lord Howe Seamount Chain includes the following features: