Madiun Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Madiun; Javanese: ꦑꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦝꦶꦪꦸꦤ꧀) is a landlocked Regency in East Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,010.86 km, and had a population of 662,278 at the 2010 Census and 744,350 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 747,589 (with a sex ratio of 98.4). It is bordered by Bojonegoro Regency in the north, Nganjuk Regency in the east, Ponorogo Regency in the south, and Magetan Regency and Ngawi Regency in the west, while the independent city of Madiun (not included in the above figures) is an enclave within the regency.

Its capital was formerly the city of Madiun, but it was moved to Mejayan District by Government Regulation No.52 in 2010. However, Government Regulation No.3 of the Year 2019, as a revision of Government Regulation No. 52 of the year 2010, mentions that the capital of Madiun Regency is now called "Caruban", not Mejayan.

Most government buildings are located in areas that are part of the Caruban District. Other buildings will be moved gradually from the City of Madiun and the move began in 2011. In everyday conversation, Madiun Regency residents use the Javanese language with the dialect or dialects of Mataraman Madiun which is more inclined to accent Surakarta/Sala.

Madiun Regency consists of fifteen districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and population totals from the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid-2023. Note that the mid-2022 estimates were revised from 757,665 to 761,392, but the mid-2023 official figures showed a drop in population as shown in the table below. The table also includes the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 198 rural desa and eight urban kelurahan), and its postal codes.

Kode Wilayah	Name of District (kecamatan)	Area in km	Pop'n Census 2010	Pop'n Census 2020	Pop'n Estimate mid 2023	No. of villages	Post codes
35.19.01	Kebonsari	47.45	51,143	59,690	61,163	14	63173
35.19.03	Geger	36.61	57,415	66,081	65,751	19	63171
35.19.02	Dolopo	48.85	51,524	60,729	60,509	12	63174
35.19.04	Dagangan	72.36	44,386	52,966	53,081	17	63172
35.19.07	Wungu	45.54	54,516	61,110	59,070	14	63181
35.19.05	Kare	190.85	29,492	33,448	34,379	8	63182
35.19.06	Gemarang	101.97	30,812	34,487	35,343	7	63156
35.19.12	Saradan	152.92	62,049	70,630	72,283	15	63155
35.19.13	Pilangkenceng	81.34	50,112	54,363	55,574	18	63154
35.19.11	Mejayan	55.22	41,811	46,208	47,819	14	63153
35.19.15	Wonoasri	33.93	31,362	35,395	35,852	10	63157
35.19.10	Balerejo	51.98	40,942	44,115	44,865	18	63152
35.19.08	Madiun (district)	35.93	36,786	39,542	38,865	13	63151
35.19.14	Sawahan	22.15	23,697	25,873	25,697	13	63162
35.19.09	Jiwan	33.76	56,231	59,713	58,338	14	63161
	Totals	1,010.86	662,278	744,350	747,589	206

Note: (a) including 2 kelurahan (Bangunsari and Milir). (b) including 2 kelurahan (Munggut and Wungu).
(c) comprising 3 kelurahan (Bangunsari, Krajan and Pandean) and 11 desa. (d) except for the village of Sidodadi, which has a postcode of 63112.
(e) including one kelurahan (Nglames).

Madiun is an area pioneered by Ki Panembahan Ronggo Jumeno, also called Ki Ageng Ronggo. The origin of the word "Madiun" is medi (ghost) and ayun-ayun (swing), the point is that when Ronggo Jumeno does "Tripe Madiun land" many ghosts wander around. A second explanation for the name keris owned by Ronggo Jumeno, is named Kris Tundhung Medhiun. At first not named Madiun, but Wonoasri.

Since the beginning, Madiun has been a territory under the control of the Sultanate of Mataram. In the course of the history of Mataram, Madiun is very strategically located in the region since the middle of the border with the kingdom of Kadiri (Daha). Therefore, during the reign of many rebels Mataram kingdom built a power base in Madiun. As the emergence of figures Retno Dumilah.

Some relics of the Duchy of Madiun one of which can be seen in the Village Kuncen, where there is the tomb of Ki Ageng Panembahan Ronggo Jumeno, Patih Wonosari besides the graves of the Regent Madiun, Madiun's oldest mosque is Masjid Nur Hidayatullah, artifacts around the mosque, and spring (bathing place) sacred.

During the time of the Dutch East Indies, Madiun was a gemeente self-governing (autonomous) because the Dutch community working in various industrial estates did not want to be governed by the Regents (who were Javanese). As an autonomous city, Madiun was founded on June 20, 1918, the first led by Madiun resident assistant. New since 1927 headed by a mayor.

The Madiun Affair was a communist uprising in 1948 during the Indonesian National Revolution in the town of Madiun. Leftist parties led an uprising against the leaders of the newly declared Indonesian Republic, but it was quashed by Republican forces.

On 18 September 1948 an 'Indonesian Soviet Republic' was declared in Madiun, in the western part of East Java, by members of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and the Indonesian Socialist Party (PSI). Judging the time as right for a proletarian uprising, they intended it to be a rallying center for revolt against "Sukarno-Hatta, the slaves of the Japanese and America". Madiun, however, was won back by Republican forces within a few weeks, and the insurgency leader, Musso, was killed. During the fighting, RM Suryo, the governor of East Java, as well as several police officers and religious leaders, were killed by the rebels.

The quashing of the rebellion ended a dangerous distraction for the Revolution, turning vague American sympathies based on anti-colonial sentiments into diplomatic support. Internationally, the Republic was now seen as being staunchly anti-communist and a potential ally in the brewing global Cold War between the American-led 'free world' and the Soviet-led bloc.

Madiun is on the main road to Yogyakarta and Jakarta.

The county is also crossed by railway lines across southern Java. Significant cities and districts are:

• Caruban
• Saradan
• Dolopo
• Dagangan
• Balerejo

The northern part of Madiun is a hilly region, which is part of the Kendeng Mountains. The middle part is a plateau and undulating, being the southeast part of the Mount Wilis - Mount Liman mountain range.

Prominent activities are:

• farming of rice, soybeans, and pulses
• plantations of cocoa, coffee, mango, durian, rambutan, and forest products
• processed products, such as teak wood crafts

Durian and cocoa are cultivated in Dagangan District and Kare District. There is a Coffee garden with large-scale cultivation in Kandangan, Kare District, which is of Dutch heritage.

Liman is the highest mountain peak in the Mountains Wilis range, promising an extraordinary sensation of climbing. Much fauna and flora are found along the route as are statues of Pulosari, Kare District. Unfortunately, these pathways are rarely traveled by the climber, because the access is difficult. If the path Kare-Lake Ngebel District already had asphalting, it would rival the charm of other mountains in Java. The slopes have tremendous tourism potential. Attractions include:

• Slampir Waterfall
• Grantham Monument
• General Sudirman Monument
• Selorejo Waterfall
• Kandangan Coffee Plantation
• Grape Tour Wana

• Official website

7°37′00″S 111°39′00″E / 7.6167°S 111.6500°E / -7.6167; 111.6500