The Madu Ganga is a minor watercourse which originates near Uragasmanhandiya in the Galle District of Sri Lanka, before widening into the Madu Ganga Lake at Balapitiya. The river then flows for a further a 4.4 km (2.7 mi) before draining into the Indian Ocean. It is located 88 km (55 mi) south of Colombo and 35 km (22 mi) north of Galle.

The Buddhist Amarapura Nikaya sect had its first upasampada (higher ordination ceremony) on a fleet of boats anchored upon the Madu Ganga in 1803. The Buddhist Kothduwa temple is situated on an isolated island in the lake.

Madu Ganga Lake, together with the smaller Randombe Lake, to which it is connected by two narrow channels, forms the Madu Ganga wetland. It's estuary and the many mangrove islets on it constitute a complex coastal wetland ecosystem. It has a high ecological, biological and aesthetic significance, being home to approximately 303 species of plants belonging to 95 families and to 248 species of vertebrate animals. The inhabitants of its islets produce peeled cinnamon and cinnamon oil.

The Madu Ganga Wetland was formally declared in 2003, in terms of the Ramsar Convention.

• List of rivers of Sri Lanka

• IUCN Sri Lanka, Maduganga mangrove estuary
• Bambaradeniya, Channa N. B.; Ekanayake, S. P.; Kekulandala, L. D. C. B.; Fernando, R. H. S. S.; Samarawickrama, V. A. P.; Priyadharshana, T. G. M. (2002). An Assessment of the status of Biodiversity in the Maduganga Mangrove Estuary. IUCN Sri Lanka. ISBN 955-8177-15-6.
• Dekshika Charmini Kodituwakku, 'WETLANDS POLICY IN SRI LANKA', Biosphere, 20-2
• Article from Divaina