Maidstone Gaol
History
Maidstone Prison is one of the oldest penal institutions in the United Kingdom, having been in operation for over 200 years.
Originally serving as a county jail, Maidstone was converted to a prison during the 1740s. During his visits, reformer John Howard reported poor living conditions including overcrowding and poor ventilation. However, conditions would remain unchanged until a reconstruction of the prison lasting from 1811 until its completion in 1819 at a cost of £200,000, under the supervision of Daniel Asher Alexander, who had worked on the construction of Dartmoor Prison, . Also involved in the design of Maidstone Prison was Kent architect John Whichcord Snr, who was Surveyor to the County of Kent from the 1820s. Mr Whichcord is probably best known for designing the Kent County Lunatic Asylum in the 1830s, also in Maidstone, and similarities between the two buildings are apparent.
Constructed using Kentish Ragstone from a local quarry, the original design of the prison was intended to house 552 prisoners, including 62 female inmates. The first 141 prisoners arrived in March 1819.
Over the next decade, additions to the prison were made including a courthouse in 1826 as well as individual cells, dayrooms, courtyards and offices attributed to suggestions made by Howard. Other reforms later included a strictly enforced segregation of prisoners by offence and the general improvement of living conditions such as improving the water supply, sanitation and ventilation system; many of these renovations were made with prison labour over the course of the century.
By the late 20th century, the only remaining signs of the original prison are the large and small roundhouses, the Weald Wing, the Administrative Block, the Training Complex, the Visits Building and the perimeter wall.
In August 2007, Weald Wing was closed when Legionella bacteria was discovered in the water supply. Approximately 80 prisoners were dispersed to other prisons. At the end of January 2009, it was announced that the prison would become a sex offenders' unit.
Capital punishment
Beginning in 1831, the prison became the place of execution for those condemned to death in the county of Kent. Before 1868, executions were done in public outside the prison's main gate. After the passing of the Capital Punishment Amendment Act 1868, subsequent executions took place inside the prison, the last was in 1930.
Present-day
Maidstone accommodates foreign national prisoners convicted of a range of offences; about two-thirds of whom are deported at the end of their sentence. The prison is classed as a "training prison" and includes a print shop and brick works. A good deal of work is carried out on the gardens, they frequently win awards, and a new environmental garden area is being developed.
Notable inmates
- Norman Baillie-Stewart, British army officer who was released from Maidstone in 1937 after serving five year sentence for espionage.
- Horatio Bottomley, financier, Member of Parliament and newspaper editor. In 1922, he was sentenced to seven years imprisonment for fraud.
- Hermann Görtz, German national convicted of espionage in 1936; he was released and deported back to Germany in 1939.
- Jonathan King, record producer and TV presenter, was imprisoned in Maidstone from 2001 to 2005 for four indecent assaults and two serious sexual offences.
- Reggie Kray, notorious gangster married Roberta Jones in Maidstone prison on 14 July 1997
- George Joseph Smith, serial killer, was hanged at Maidstone Prison in 1915.
- Éamon de Valera, Irish statesman, Taoiseach and President of Ireland, was briefly held at Maidstone Prison in 1917.
- John Vassall, British civil servant convicted of spying for the Soviet Union in 1962.
Media appearances
The exterior of Maidstone Prison was shown in the title sequence (and some episodes) of the 1970s BBC comedy series Porridge and the 1990s BBC comedy series Birds of a Feather.
References
- ^ "Maidstone Prison". 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Legionella discovered at prison". 24 August 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "Jail to become sex offender unit". 19 March 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "Maidstone prison". www.capitalpunishmentuk.org. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ "Ex-Seaforth Officer Released". The Times. No. 47588. 21 January 1937.
- ^ Hyman, Alan (1972). The Rise and Fall of Horatio Bottomley. Littlehampton, West Sussex: Cassell & Co. p. 138. ISBN 0-304-29023-8.
- ^ Hyman, Alan (1972). The Rise and Fall of Horatio Bottomley. Littlehampton, West Sussex: Cassell & Co. p. 58. ISBN 0-304-29023-8.
- ^ Carter, Carolle J. (1977). The Shamrock and the Swastika: German espionage in Ireland in world war II. Palo Alto, Calif: Pacific books. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-87015-221-4.
- ^ "Jonathan King freed from prison". 29 March 2005. Retrieved 19 March 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "This day in history - July 14th". thehistorychannel.co.uk. Archived from the original on 7 June 2008. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
- ^ Gordon, R. Michael (2018). Murder files from Scotland Yard and the Black Museum. Jefferson, North Carolina: Exposit. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-4766-7254-0.
- ^ "News in Brief: "Brides in Baths" Murderer Executed". The Times. No. 40933. London. 14 August 1915. p. 8.
- ^ Longford, Frank Pakenham; O'Neill, Thomas P. (1971). Eamon de Valera (1 ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 54–59. ISBN 978-0-395-12101-6.
- ^ Vassall, John (1975). Vassall: the autobiography of a spy. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. pp. 147–172. ISBN 028398130X.
Further reading
- Roth, Mitchel P. Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. ISBN 0-313-32856-0
- Whitfield, Dick, ed. The State of Prisons – 200 Years On. London: Routledge Press, 1991.
External links
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