Maquon is a village in Knox County, Illinois, United States. The population was 218 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Galesburg Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Maquon is located in southern Knox County. Illinois Route 97 passes through the center of the village, leading northwest 16 miles (26 km) to Galesburg, the county seat, and southeast 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to Illinois Route 8.

According to the 2010 census, Maquon has a total area of 0.16 square miles (0.41 km), all land. The village sits on a low bluff 1 mile (1.6 km) north and west of the Spoon River.

According to the 1976 book, "History of Maquon and Vicinity" by Ruth Simkins Swearingen, the name derives from the Potawatomi word "Amaquonsippi", literally meaning "mussel river", i.e. "spoon-shaped-shell river", which was simplified to "Maquon", i.e. "spoon".

Oral reports by residents referred to a nineteenth century battle between the Potawatomi and "white settlers" at Haw Creek Township, northeast from the center of Maquon. The Potawatomi were forced away from Maquon.

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1880	548		—
1890	501		−8.6%
1900	475		−5.2%
1910	472		−0.6%
1920	441		−6.6%
1930	328		−25.6%
1940	429		30.8%
1950	361		−15.9%
1960	386		6.9%
1970	374		−3.1%
1980	350		−6.4%
1990	331		−5.4%
2000	318		−3.9%
2010	284		−10.7%
2020	218		−23.2%
U.S. Decennial Census

At the 2010 census there were 284 people, 139 households, and 82 families in the village. The population density was 1,971.4 inhabitants per square mile (761.2/km). There were 146 housing units at an average density of 905.1 per square mile (349.5/km). The racial makeup of the village was 98.43% White, 0.63% Asian, 0.31% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.14%.

Of the 139 households 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.3% were non-families. 38.1% of households were one person and 19.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.93.

The age distribution was 26.4% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.0 males.

The median household income was $32,917 and the median family income was $36,563. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $22,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,199. About 5.1% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2022, Maquon had a population of 202, the median age was 45.5. The per capita income was $25,293. The median household income was $55,250.

• Official website