Matachewan First Nation is an Ojibway First Nation reserve located in the Timiskaming District of Ontario, Canada. The First Nations people of the Matachewan area signed onto Treaty 9 in 1905. As of August, 2024, they had a total registered population of 1037 people, of which 50 people live on their own reserve.

The Nation is governed by the Act Electoral System, in which a Chief and nine Councillors are elected for a two-year term.

They are a signatory to Treaty 9, the First Nation is member of Wabun Tribal Council, a non-political Regional Chiefs Council as well as Nishnawbe Aski Nation, a Tribal Political Organisation representing most all of the First Nations in northern Ontario.

Matachewan First Nation have reserved for themselves one reserve:

• 6,158.60 hectares (15,218.2 acres) Matachewan 72

• List of francophone communities in Ontario

• Nation's Website
• AANDC Profile