Mayom, South Sudan
Location
Mayom was a major cattle trading center in Western Upper Nile (now Unity State), in Bul Nuer territory. In peacetime the area around Mayom was sparsely populated by nomadic herders, with about one person per square mile. Mayom lies in the Block 4 oil concession to the south of the Kaikang oilfield.
Civil war
During the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005) Paulino Matiep Nhial became an Anyanya II leader in the Western Upper Nile (now Unity) state, supported by the Sudan Government against the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA). Based in the garrison town of Mayom, Paulino held a strategic position, preventing SPLA from Bahr el Ghazal to the west from attacking the oilfields. In September 1988 Riek Machar's SPLA forces captured Mayom. In cooperation with army officer Omar al Bashir (soon to lead a coup and become President of Sudan) Paulino recaptured Mayom from the SPLA early in 1989. A report on refugees fleeing northward from Mayom and other communities in April 1993 described how they were robbed on their few belongings by Arab militias. One man was killed from trying to keep his remaining money, about US$200.
Mayom was the base for the South Sudan Unity Army (SSUA) that Matiep formed early in 1998, incorporating his former Anyanya II and South Sudan Defense Force (SSDN) Bul Nuer forces. The SSUA was supported by the Government of Sudan. In September 1999 commander Peter Gadet Yak of the SSDN mutinied, going over to the SPLA, and on 29 September shelled Mayom, causing further flight of civilians to Block 5A in the east of the state. A report from 2000 described Mayom as "a decimated village within the Talisman oil concession" and said that the government of Sudan was no longer allowing humanitarian aid flights to land.
Later events
On 11 April 2011 Major General Peter Gadet Yak, formerly of the SPLA and now of the "South Sudan Liberation Army", published the "Mayom Declaration". He denounced government by the "current corrupt gangs in Juba" and called for the government of Southern Sudan to be replaced by a national broad-base transitional government.
On 29 December 2013, Mayom was seized by Nuer White Army militiamen, and the South Sudanese government, led by president Salva Kiir, is currently trying to take back the town.
SSPM/A attacked Mayom on 22 July 2022. They killed the county commissioner, Chuol Gatluak Manime, and his bodyguards and burned the commissioner’s office. Later, they withdrew from the town to the nearby villages.
References
- ^ Rone 2003, pp. 221.
- ^ Rone 2003, pp. 135.
- ^ Rone 2003, pp. 379.
- ^ Rone 2003, pp. 17.
- ^ Rone 2003, pp. 153.
- ^ Worger, Clark & Alpers 2010, pp. 270.
- ^ Rone 2003, pp. 10.
- ^ Rone 2003, pp. 318–319.
- ^ Giles & Hyndman 2004, pp. 91.
- ^ Yak 2011.
- ^ Sudan Tribute, Sudan Tribute. "South Sudan rebels kill Mayom county commissioner". sudantribune.com. Sudan Tribute. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ UN Security Council (December 2022). Letter dated 28 November 2022 from the Panel of Experts on South Sudan established pursuant to Security Council resolution 2206 (2015) addressed to the President of the Security Council (PDF) (Report). p. 10. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
Sources
- Giles, Wenona Mary; Hyndman, Jennifer (2004). Sites of violence: gender and conflict zones. University of California Press. p. 91. ISBN 0-520-23791-9.
- Rone, Jemera (2003). Sudan, oil, and human rights. Human Rights Watch. p. 10. ISBN 1-56432-291-2.
- Worger, William H.; Clark, Nancy L.; Alpers, Edward A. (2010). Africa and the West: From colonialism to independence, 1875 to the present. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-537313-4.
- Yak, Peter Gadet (11 April 2011). "The Mayom Declaration". Sudan Tribune. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-11.