The Icon Museum and Study Center is a non-profit art museum (formerly the Museum of Russian Icons) located in Clinton, Massachusetts, United States. The collection includes more than 1,000 Russian icons and related artifacts, making it one of the largest private collections of Russian icons outside of Russia and the largest in North America. The icons in the collection range in date from the 15th century through to the present and covers almost the entire range of Russian icon images, symbols, and forms. The collection has since expanded to include Greek and Ethiopian icons.

The Museum opened in October 2006 as the Museum of Russian Icons. It began as the private collection of Gordon B. Lankton (1931–2021), a plastics engineer and former chairman and CEO of Nypro, Inc., a precision injection molding company now owned by Jabil Circuit. Lankton had been an avid traveler since he was stationed in Germany when he was in the Army. As outlined in his book The Long Way Home, Lankton took a motorcycle trip around the world in 1956 and 1957, visiting, in chronological order, Germany, Austria, Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, India, Ceylon, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Hong Kong, and Japan. According to Lankton, he had wanted to visit Russia but was not allowed to do so during the Cold War.

In 1989, Lankton first traveled to Russia to open a Nypro factory there. On that visit, after learning more about icons, Lankton began his collection, starting with a small, poor quality icon he found at a flea market in the Izmaylovo District of Moscow.

Over the following 30 years, Lankton amassed several hundred icons. He displayed them at his home, at Nypro in a small gallery, and occasionally on loan to other museums, including the Higgins Armory Museum. As the collection grew and response to the informal sharing of his collection proved positive, Lankton decided to open his own museum directly across the street from Nypro. The Museum was incorporated in 2004, and Lankton purchased the building in early 2006. It opened to the public on October 15, 2006. Since then, two major expansion projects have taken place: in 2008, a research library and the South Gallery were added. In 2010, Lankton purchased the building immediately next door to the Museum and undertook a construction project to seamlessly join the two structures. The first phase of this project included the West Gallery and an expanded museum shop; the second phase included an expanded lower level with the Tea Room and auditorium.

Both buildings that now make up the single museum property were originally associated with the Bigelow Carpet Mill. The second building, previously 195 Union Street, also served at one time as both the Clinton District Court and the Police Station. Both buildings were completely renovated on the interiors by David Durrant of Durrant Designs. Some historical details were retained and renovated, including the jail cells that were once holding cells for the court house; and the period window frames in the West Gallery. The building now has more than 16,000 square feet of gallery space on three floors.

The Museum collection includes more than 1,000 Russian icons and related artifacts. The icons range in date from 1450 to the present day and are installed in thematic groupings rather than chronological order. The Museum is particularly proud to display extremely rare Royal Doors that once led to the High Altar of an Orthodox Church in Russia and can be traced back to the 17th century. The Royal Doors are considered to be the "finest pair in the United States."

The Museum organizes its own exhibitions from the permanent collection and also hosts visiting exhibitions from other museums and collections. In 2008 and 2010, respectively the Museum co-organized exhibitions of icons from the Tretyakov Gallery and the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art and Culture. Because of an embargo of art loans from Russia to the U.S., ongoing since 2011, the Museum has relied on exhibitions originating in the United States.

The Study Center (formerly the Center for Icon Studies) is the research arm of the institution which promotes the study of all aspects of icons and Eastern Christian art and supports research in iconology and iconography—including conservation, historical and comparative studies, and the study of geopolitical, religious, and spiritual aspects of icons. The Study Center publishes the online Journal of Icon Studies. The journal is the only peer-reviewed publication exclusively devoted to Russian icons and related scholarship. Submissions to the journal are reviewed by members of the editorial board, which consists of twelve leading scholars in the field from the U.S., Europe, and Russia. The editorial board is composed of some of the leading researchers in the field of icon studies:

• Amy Singleton Adams, College of the Holy Cross
• Elena Boeck, DePaul University
• Robin Cormack, Cambridge University
• Michael Flier, Harvard University
• Nancy Patterson-Ševčenko, International Center of Medieval Art
• Sarah Pratt, University of Southern California
• Wendy Salmond, Editor, Chapman University
• Vera Shevzov, Smith College
• Engelina Smirnova, Moscow State Lomonosov University and Institute of Art Studies, Moscow
• Oksana Smirnova, Andrey Rublev Museum of Old Russian Culture and Art
• Raoul N. Smith, Northeastern University
• Oleg Tarasov, Russian Academy of Sciences

In October 2023, the Museum of Russian Icons changed its name to The Icon Museum and Study Center. The new name respects the Museum’s history, acknowledges the expansion of the collection to embrace the whole world of Orthodox Christian Art, and points out the path towards the future.

New mission: "The Icon Museum and Study Center illuminates the art of the sacred icon for a global audience. It serves as a leading center for dialogue on icons as a diverse and living tradition. It inspires learning and understanding through innovative exhibitions, programs, and scholarship."

• Museum Website