The National Museum of Mongolia (Mongolian: Монголын Үндэсний музей) formerly known as the National Museum of Mongolian History (Mongolian: Монголын үндэсний түүхийн музей) is a history museum focusing on Mongolian history located in Chingeltei, Ulaanbaatar. It characterizes itself as "a cultural, scientific, and educational organization, which is responsible for the collection, care and interpretation of the objects."

The origins of the National Museum of Mongolia date back to 1924, when the first collections were begun for a national museum. Russian scholars, such as Pyotr Kozlov, V. I. Lisovskii, A. D. Simukov, and the American researcher Roy Chapman Andrews contributed to the museum's early collections and exhibits. In the socialist period, all collections of historical, ethnographical, natural history and paleontological were housed in the building of the State Central Museum, which was built in 1956.

The present building of the museum was built in 1971, when it was erected as the Museum of Revolution. Since April 2008 the museum has been renamed as the National Museum of Mongolia.

Exhibitions cover prehistory, pre-Mongol Empire history, Mongol Empire, Mongolia during Qing rule, ethnography and traditional life, and twentieth-century history. The ethnographic collection has significant displays of the traditional dress of various Mongolian ethnic groups and of snuff bottles. Most exhibits have labels in both Mongolian and English. The museum publishes one or more issues of its in-house journal each year, with articles in Mongolian and foreign languages, including Russian and English.

The National Museum of Mongolia is the nation's largest museum and holds a collection of over 57,000 objects relating to Central Asian history and the history of Mongolia from prehistory to the end of the 20th century, with a portion of the collected artifacts on display in ten exhibition halls. One collection has significant displays of the traditional dress of various Mongolian ethnic groups.

The historical collection is subdivided into 3 areas: archaeological; medieval history of Mongolia; and modern historical objects and photography, recordings, and documents.

• List of museums in Mongolia

• Museum website
• The National Museum of Mongolia at Google Cultural Institute