Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, singer, writer, producer, and television host. Primarily known for his comedic television roles and dramatic and musical stage roles, he has received multiple accolades throughout his career, including a Tony Award, five Primetime Emmy Awards, and nominations for a Grammy Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards.

On television, he is known for playing the title character on the ABC series Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989–1993), for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy, as well as Barney Stinson on the CBS series How I Met Your Mother (2005–2014), for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards, and Count Olaf on the Netflix series A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017–2019). He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his role on Glee (2010). Harris is also known for his role as the title character in Joss Whedon's musical Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (2008) and a fictional version of himself in the Harold & Kumar film series (2004–2011). His other films include Starship Troopers (1997), The Smurfs (2011), The Smurfs 2 (2013), and Gone Girl (2014).

On stage, he made his Broadway debut in the David Auburn play Proof in 2002. He went on to win the Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical playing the title role in the rock musical Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2014). Harris has hosted numerous award shows including the Tony Awards four times in 2009, 2011, 2012, and 2013. He also hosted the Primetime Emmy Awards twice in 2009 and 2013, and hosted the Academy Awards in 2015. Harris was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People in 2010.

Harris was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and grew up in Ruidoso, New Mexico, with his older brother and their parents, Sheila Gail (née Scott; born 1946) and Ronald Gene Harris (born 1946). His parents were lawyers and also ran a restaurant. He attended La Cueva High School in Albuquerque, graduating with high honors in 1991, which he attributes to being privately tutored half the school year while on set.

Harris began his career as a child actor and was discovered by playwright Mark Medoff at a drama camp in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Medoff later cast him in the 1988 drama film Clara's Heart, starring Whoopi Goldberg and based on the novel of the same name by Joseph Olshan. Clara's Heart earned Harris a Golden Globe nomination. The same year, he starred in Purple People Eater, a children's fantasy. Beginning in 1989, Harris played the title role of a child prodigy doctor in Doogie Howser, M.D., for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe. After the show's four-season run ended in 1993, Harris played a number of guest roles on television series, including Murder, She Wrote. From 1999 to 2000, he starred with Tony Shalhoub in the NBC sitcom Stark Raving Mad, which lasted 22 episodes. Harris's first film role as an adult was 1995's Animal Room, although he portrayed a teenager.

Harris played lead roles in numerous made-for-television features, including Snowbound: The Jim and Jennifer Stolpa Story in 1994, My Ántonia in 1995, The Christmas Wish in 1998, Joan of Arc in 1999, The Wedding Dress in 2001, and The Christmas Blessing in 2005. His film work also has included supporting roles in The Next Best Thing (2000), Undercover Brother (2002), and Starship Troopers (1997).

Harris has worked on Broadway in both musical and dramatic roles. He played Tobias Ragg in the 2001 concert performances of Sweeney Todd. In 2002, he performed beside Anne Heche in Proof. In 2003, he took the role of the Emcee in Cabaret alongside Deborah Gibson and Tom Bosley. As a result of his critically acclaimed performance in Cabaret, Harris was named the top-drawing headliner in the role of the Emcee by GuestStarCasting.com.

In 2004, he performed the dual role of the Balladeer and Lee Harvey Oswald on Broadway in the revival of Stephen Sondheim's musical Assassins. He also sang the role of Charles (initially played by Anthony Perkins in a 1966 ABC telecast) on the Nonesuch recording of Sondheim's Evening Primrose and portrayed Mark Cohen in the 1997 touring company of the musical Rent, a role he satirized on the January 10, 2009, episode of Saturday Night Live, which he hosted. In 2004, Harris played a fictionalized, hyper-womanising, lewd version of himself in the Harold and Kumar stoner comedy film Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle. He said that was the shift from roles associated with his sanitized "Doogie Howser" character to the more unscrupulous and bawdy part in the Harold & Kumar franchise lead to his role of Barney Stinson in How I Met Your Mother the following year. He would go on to reprise the role of "Neil Patrick Harris" in the Harold & Kumar sequels: Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay and A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas. In 2005, Harris portrayed Jon in the London premiere of tick, tick… boom! at the Menier Chocolate Factory. He was replaced by Christian Campbell in July of that same year.

From 2005 to 2014, Harris played Barney Stinson, a serial womanizer, in the CBS ensemble sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The role earned him Emmy nominations every year from 2007 to 2010. In 2008, Harris guest-starred on Sesame Street as the Sesame Street Fairy Shoe Person. In 2009, he hosted the 7th Annual TV Land Awards and appeared as a guest judge on Season 9 of American Idol.

In 2007, Harris worked with Mike Nelson on an audio commentary for RiffTrax. The two "riffed" on the film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory. In 2008, Harris played the title role in Joss Whedon's musical web series Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog alongside Nathan Fillion and Felicia Day. He has also provided his voice for the Disney California Adventure Park attraction California Screamin'. After a preview at San Diego Comic-Con, a musical episode of Batman: The Brave and the Bold featuring Harris as the villainous Music Meister premiered on October 23, 2009, on Cartoon Network.

Harris hosted the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards on September 20, 2009. On August 21, 2010, he won two Emmy Awards at the Creative Arts Emmy Awards ceremony, one of which was for his guest performance in the television series Glee. Harris hosted the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards on September 22, 2013, marking his second time hosting the event. Harris has hosted the Tony Awards four times: the 63rd Tony Awards on June 7, 2009, the 65th Tony Awards on June 12, 2011, the 66th Tony Awards on June 10, 2012, and the 67th Tony Awards on June 9, 2013. Only Dame Angela Lansbury, with five ceremonies, has hosted the Tony Awards more times. Hosting the Tony Awards has earned him four Primetime Emmy Awards in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 for the 63rd, 65th, 66th and 67th, respectively.

In 2010, Harris directed a production of the rock musical Rent at the Hollywood Bowl; he cast his Beastly co-star Vanessa Hudgens as Mimi. In 2011, Harris played the lead role of Bobby in Stephen Sondheim's Company with the New York Philharmonic in concert, opposite Patti LuPone and others. That same year, he directed The Expert at the Card Table at Broad Stage's Edye in Santa Monica, California. Also in 2010, Harris provided voice acting for the role of the adult Dick Grayson (Nightwing) in the animated film Batman: Under the Red Hood and the beagle Lou in the film Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore. The same year, he played the lead in the indie comedy The Best and the Brightest. On March 7, 2010, he made a surprise appearance at the 82nd Academy Awards, delivering the opening musical number. He starred in the films The Smurfs (2011) and The Smurfs 2 (2013). Harris provided the voice of Steve the Monkey in the Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs film franchise. In December 2010, Harris hosted the Spike Video Game Awards.

Harris portrayed the titular role in the first Broadway production of the rock musical Hedwig and the Angry Inch, from March through August 2014. Harris received acclaim for the role with Variety declaring, "It's astonishing how polished a physical performance Harris gives. Channeling his inner Rockette, along with Iggy Pop and Lou Reed by way of the Ramones, he carries off some advanced dance and acrobatic moves". Harris went on to win the 2014 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. Later in 2014, Harris played the role of Desi Collings in Gone Girl, directed by David Fincher.

In 2014, Harris turned down the chance to replace David Letterman as host of the Late Show on CBS, stating that he feared he would get bored of the repetition that hosting a nightly talk show would entail. He also rejected the suggestion of replacing Craig Ferguson as host of The Late Late Show on the same grounds, although he claims he was never actually offered either job. In October 2014, Harris released a memoir titled Neil Patrick Harris: Choose Your Own Autobiography, which is structured like a Choose Your Own Adventure book. His autobiography spent two weeks on The New York Times Best Seller List. His debut young adult novel, The Magic Misfits, was released in November 2017 and is the first in a four-book series of the same name.

On September 15, 2015, Best Time Ever with Neil Patrick Harris, a live variety series hosted by Harris on NBC, made its debut and ran for eight episodes. On February 22, 2015, Harris hosted the 87th Academy Awards. On January 15, 2016, Netflix cast Harris in the television adaptation of A Series of Unfortunate Events, in which he starred as Count Olaf. It ran for 3 seasons and 25 episodes before ending on January 1, 2019. On March 31, 2017, NBC picked up Harris's game show titled Genius Junior, the format would test the smarts of the most brilliant children in the country. Harris would serve as host and executive producer. The series received a 10-episode order and debuted on March 18, 2018.

Harris appeared in the fourth installment of the Matrix franchise, released in 2021.

In October 2020, Harris released a single-player board game named Box One, produced by luxury playing card company Theory11. It is currently available exclusively through Target. Harris has been a frequent guest narrator at Disney's Candlelight Processional at Walt Disney World.

In January 2021, Harris starred in the British drama series It's a Sin, broadcast on Channel 4, depicting the 1980s HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United Kingdom. In June 2021, Harris was announced to be a judge on Australia's Got Talent: Challengers & Champions, a spin-off series of Australia's Got Talent.

In July 2022, Harris starred in the Netflix series Uncoupled as gay Manhattanite Michael Lawson, a realtor re-navigating the dating scene after 17 years. In 2022, he joined the New York City Center Encores! presentation of Stephen Sondheim's Into the Woods as The Baker opposite Sara Bareilles as The Baker's Wife. The limited production ran from May 4 to 15.

In 2023, he joined the cast of Peter Pan Goes Wrong for a limited engagement from April 11 to May 7 playing the role of Francis Beaumont. In December 2023, Harris guest starred as the Toymaker in the third and final special, "The Giggle", of the 60th Anniversary Specials of Doctor Who.

From 1997 to 1998, Harris dated actress Christine Taylor. In a 2008 appearance on The Howard Stern Show, he discussed how the relationship made him realize his true sexuality: "She's the coolest, nicest chick ever. She's an absolute catch, and I thought, 'If I'm not going to feel the super sparks with her... it probably means I'm gay.'"

Harris publicly came out as gay in November 2006, saying, "I am happy to dispel any rumors or misconceptions and am quite proud to say that I am a very content gay man living my life to the fullest and feel most fortunate to be working with wonderful people in the business I love."

Harris has been in a relationship with actor and chef David Burtka since April 2004. In October 2010, they became parents to twins, son Gideon and daughter Harper, born via a surrogate mother.

Following the passage of the Marriage Equality Act in New York on June 24, 2011, Harris and Burtka announced their engagement via Twitter, stating that they had proposed to each other five years earlier but kept the engagement secret until same-sex marriage became legal. Harris and Burtka married in Italy in September 2014. Pamela Fryman, the long-time director of How I Met Your Mother, officiated the wedding while Elton John performed at the reception. In 2013, the couple bought a townhouse in Harlem which they sold in 2022 for $6.9 million. The family currently reside in East Hampton, New York.

Harris is a fan of magic, which was written into his characters on How I Met Your Mother, American Horror Story: Freak Show, and Glee. Harris won the Tannen's Magic Louis Award in 2006 and hosted the 2008 World Magic Awards on October 11, 2008. He previously served as the President of the board of directors of Hollywood's Magic Castle, from 2011 to 2014. Additionally, Harris and partner David Burtka were guests of honor for a Top Chef Masters episode that took place at the Magic Castle.

In May 2022, it resurfaced on Twitter that Harris had hosted a Halloween party in October 2011 in which he served guests a meat platter designed to resemble the corpse of Amy Winehouse. He apologized later that month.

Harris has supported and contributed to various charities, organizations, and foundations. These include:

In October 2014, Harris attended a dinner for the Elton John AIDS Foundation and in September 2016, he and his husband were the honorary hosts of a culinary cookout to help raise money for the Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation. In April 2019, Harris hosted We Day California, a charity event that celebrates students who have made a change in their community.

Year	Album title	Notes
2001	Evening Primrose	Studio Cast
2004	Assassins	Revival Cast Recording
2006	Wall to Wall: Stephen Sondheim	Concert Cast
2008	Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog	Original Cast Recording
2009	Batman: The Brave and the Bold – Mayhem of the Music Meister	Original Cast Recording
2014	Hedwig and the Angry Inch	Original Broadway Cast Recording

Year	Single	Peak chart positions					Sales	Album
		AUS	CAN	IRE	UK	US
2010	"Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit"	113	76	—	50	—	—	How I Met Your Mother season 5
	"Dream On" (featuring Matthew Morrison)	91	24	44	47	26	84,000 (US)	Glee: The Music, Volume 3 Showstoppers

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1988	Clara's Heart	David Hart
1988	Purple People Eater	Billy Johnson
1995	Animal Room	Arnold Mosk
1997	Starship Troopers	Carl Jenkins
1998	The Proposition	Roger Martin
2000	The Next Best Thing	David
2002	The Mesmerist	Benjamin
	Undercover Brother	Lance
2004	Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle	Neil Patrick Harris
2005	The Golden Blaze	The Comic Shop Owner	Direct-to-DVD
2008	Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay	Neil Patrick Harris
	Beyond All Boundaries	1st Lt. David Hettema	Voice, documentary
	Justice League: The New Frontier	Barry Allen / The Flash	Voice, direct-to-video
2009	Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs	Steve the Monkey	Voice
2010	Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore	Lou the Beagle	Voice
	The Best and the Brightest	Jeff
	Batman: Under the Red Hood	Dick Grayson / Nightwing	Voice, direct-to-video
2011	Beastly	Will Fratalli
	Company	Robert	Filmed production
	The Smurfs	Patrick Winslow
	A Very Harold & Kumar Christmas	Neil Patrick Harris
	The Muppets	Himself	Cameo
2012	American Reunion	Celebrity Dance-Off Host	Cameo
2013	The Smurfs 2	Patrick Winslow
	Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2	Steve the Monkey	Voice
2014	A Million Ways to Die in the West	Foy
	Gone Girl	Desi Collings
2017	Downsizing	Jeff Lonowski
2019	Dads	Himself	Documentary film
2021	8-Bit Christmas	Adult Jake Doyle
	The Matrix Resurrections	The Analyst
2022	The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent	Richard Fink

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1988	Too Good to Be True	Danny Harland	Television film
1989	B.L. Stryker	Buder Campbell	Episode: "Blues for Buder"
	Cold Sassy Tree	Will Tweedy / Narrator	Television film
	Home Fires Burning	Lonnie Tibbits	Television film
1989–1993	Doogie Howser, M.D.	Douglas "Doogie" Howser	97 episodes
1990	The Earth Day Special	Doogie Howser	Television film
1991	Stranger in the Family	Steve Thompson	Television film
	Blossom	The "Charming" Derek Slade	Episode: "Blossom – A Rockumentary"
	The Simpsons	Himself as Bart Simpson	Voice, episode: "Bart the Murderer"
1992	Roseanne	Dr. Doogie Howser	Episode: "Less Is More"
	Captain Planet and the Planeteers	Todd Andrews	Voice, episode: "A Formula for Hate"
	Capitol Critters	Max	Voice, 13 episodes
1993	Quantum Leap	Mike Hammond	Episode: "Return of the Evil Leaper – October 8, 1956"
	Murder, She Wrote	Tommy Remsen	Episode: "Lone Witness"
	A Family Torn Apart	Brian Hannigan	Television film
1994	Snowbound: The Jim and Jennifer Stolpa Story	Jim Stolpa
1995	The Man in the Attic	Edward Broder
	Not Our Son	Paul Kenneth Keller
	My Antonia	Jimmy Burden
	Legacy of Sin: The William Coit Story	William Coit
1996	The Outer Limits	Howie Morrison	Episode: "From Within"
1997	Homicide: Life on the Street	Alan Schack	Episode: "Valentine's Day"
1998	The Christmas Wish	Will Martin	Television film
1999	Joan of Arc	The Dauphin	2 episodes
1999–2000	Stark Raving Mad	Henry McNeeley	22 episodes
2000	Will & Grace	Bill	Episode: "Girls, Interrupted"
2001	Static Shock	Johnny Morrow / Replay	Voice, episode: "Replay"
	Son of the Beach	Loverboy	Episode: "Queefer Madness"
	As Told by Ginger	Ned	Voice, episode: "Season of Caprice"
	The Legend of Tarzan	Moyo	Voice, episode: "Tarzan and the Challenger"
	Ed	Joe Baxter	Episode: "Replacements"
	The Wedding Dress	Travis Cleveland	Television film
2002	Touched by an Angel	Jonas	Episode: "The Princeless Bride"
	Justice League	Ray Thompson	Voice, episode: "Legends"
2003	Boomtown	Peter Corman	Episode: "Monster's Brawl"
	Spider-Man: The New Animated Series	Peter Parker / Spider-Man	Voice, main role
2004	Law & Order: Criminal Intent	John Tagman	Episode: "Want"
2005	Numb3rs	Ethan Burdick	Episode: "Prime Suspect"
	Jack & Bobby	Prof. Preston Phelps	Episode: "Querida Grace"
	The Christmas Blessing	Nathan Andrews	Television film
2005–2014	How I Met Your Mother	Barney Stinson	208 episodes; directed episode: "Jenkins"
2006	Me, Eloise		Voice, episode: "Eloise Goes to School"
2007, 2009	Family Guy	Barney Stinson	Voice, 2 episodes
2008	Sesame Street	The Fairy Shoeperson	Episode: "Telly's New Shoes"
2009	Saturday Night Live	Himself (host)	Episode: "Neil Patrick Harris/Taylor Swift"
	Batman: The Brave and the Bold	Music Meister	Voice, episode: "Mayhem of the Music Meister!"
2009–2012	Robot Chicken	Various roles	Voice, 3 episodes
2009	7th Annual TV Land Awards	Himself (host)	Television special
	63rd Tony Awards	Himself (host)	Television special
	61st Primetime Emmy Awards	Himself (host)	Television special
	Yes, Virginia	Dr. Philip O'Hanlon	Voice, television special
2010	Glee	Bryan Ryan	Episode: "Dream On"
2010–2015	The Penguins of Madagascar	Dr. Blowhole	Voice, 3 episodes
2010	2010 Spike Video Game Awards	Himself (host)	Television special
2011–2013	Adventure Time	Prince Gumball	Voice, 2 episodes
2011	Brain Games	Narrator	3 episodes
	65th Tony Awards	Himself (host)	Television special
2012	66th Tony Awards	Himself (host)	Television special
2013	67th Tony Awards	Himself (host)	Television special
	The Goodwin Games	—	Director Episode: "The Box"
	65th Primetime Emmy Awards	Himself (host)	Television special
2015	American Horror Story: Freak Show	Chester Creb	2 episodes
	87th Academy Awards	Himself (host)	Television special
	Best Time Ever with Neil Patrick Harris	Himself (host)	8 episodes; also writer and executive producer
2017–2019	A Series of Unfortunate Events	Count Olaf	25 episodes; also producer
2017	Mystery Science Theater 3000	Neville LaRoy	Episode: "Avalanche"
	At Home with Amy Sedaris	Himself	Episode: "Holidays"
2018	Genius Junior	Himself (host)	10 episodes; also executive producer
2019	Ghostwriter	The White Rabbit	Voice, episode: "Ghost in Wonderland, Part 1"
2020	Home Movie: The Princess Bride	Westley	Episode: "Life Is Pain"
2021	It's a Sin	Henry Coltrane	Episode #1.1
	Eden	Zero	Voice, 4 episodes
	Star Wars: Visions	Karre	Voice, episode: The Twins: English dub
	F Is for Family	Louis Chilsons	Voice, 6 episodes
2022	Uncoupled	Michael Lawson	8 episodes; also executive producer
2023	How I Met Your Father	Barney Stinson	2 episodes
	Drag Me to Dinner	Himself (judge)	Hulu original
	Doctor Who	The Toymaker	Episode: "The Giggle"

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1997	Rent	Mark Cohen	La Jolla Playhouse
1997–1998			National Tour
1998	Romeo and Juliet	Romeo Montague	Old Globe Theatre
1999	Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street	Tobias Ragg	Los Angeles Concert
2000			First New York Philharmonic
2001			San Francisco Symphony Orchestra
			Ravinia Festival
2002	Proof	Hal	Walter Kerr Theatre, Broadway
2003	Cabaret	The Emcee	Studio 54, Broadway
2004	Assassins	The Balladeer / Lee Harvey Oswald
2004–2005	The Paris Letter	Young Anton / Burt Sarris	Kirk Douglas Theatre
2005	Tick, Tick... BOOM!	Jon	Menier Chocolate Factory, Off-West End
2006	All My Sons	Chris Keller	Geffen Playhouse
	Amadeus	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	Hollywood Bowl
2010	Rent	—	Director Hollywood Bowl
2011	Company	Robert	New York Philharmonic Concert Version
	A Snow White Christmas	The Magic Mirror	El Portal Theater
2012	Assassins	The Balladeer / Lee Harvey Oswald	Studio 54, Broadway
2014	Nothing to Hide	—	Director Romulus Linney Courtyard Theatre
	Hedwig and the Angry Inch	Hedwig	Belasco Theatre, Broadway
2022	Into the Woods	The Baker	New York City Center, Encores!
2023	Peter Pan Goes Wrong	Francis Beaumont	Ethel Barrymore Theatre, Broadway
			Ahmanson Theatre
2024	Tick, Tick... BOOM!	—	Director Kennedy Center
	Shit. Meet. Fan.	Roger	MCC Theater, Off-Broadway

Year	Title	Role	Notes
2008	Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog	Dr. Horrible/Billy	3 episodes
	Prop 8: The Musical	A Very Smart Fellow	Short film
2012–2013	Neil's Puppet Dreams	Neil Patrick Harris	7 episodes; also co-creator, writer and executive producer

Year	Title	Role
2008	Saints Row 2	Veteran Child
2009	Eat Lead: The Return of Matt Hazard	Wallace "Wally" Wellesley
2010	Rock of the Dead	Unnamed character
	Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions	Peter Parker / Spider-Man
2011	The Penguins of Madagascar: Dr. Blowhole Returns – Again!	Dr. Blowhole
2013	Saints Row IV	Veteran Child

Year	Author	Title	Publisher	ISBN
2014	Neil Patrick Harris	Neil Patrick Harris: Choose Your Own Autobiography	Crown Archetype	978-0-385-34699-3
2017		The Magic Misfits	Little, Brown Books for Young Readers	978-0-316-39182-5
2019		The Magic Misfits: The Second Story		978-0-316-39185-6
2020		The Magic Misfits: The Minor Third		978-0-316-39188-7
		The Magic Misfits: The Fourth Suit		978-0-316-39195-5

• 2014: Neil Patrick Harris: Choose Your Own Autobiography (read by the author), Random House Audio, ISBN 978-0-385-36794-3

• LGBT culture in New York City
• List of LGBT people from New York City
• NYC Pride March

• Neil Patrick Harris at IMDb
• Neil Patrick Harris at the Internet Broadway Database
• Neil Patrick Harris at Internet Off-Broadway Database
• Neil Patrick Harris discography at Discogs
• Neil Patrick Harris on Twitter
• 2011 interview with The Sondheim Review

Media offices
Preceded by Ellen DeGeneres	Host of Academy Awards 2015	Succeeded by Chris Rock
Preceded by Whoopi Goldberg	Host of Tonys 2009	Succeeded by Sean Hayes
Preceded by Sean Hayes	Host of Tonys 2011, 2012, 2013	Succeeded by Hugh Jackman
Preceded by Vanessa L. Williams	Host of TV Land Awards 2009	Succeeded by Tim Allen
No single host	Host of Spike Video Game Awards 2010	Succeeded by Zachary Levi
Preceded by Rino Romano	Voice or portrayal of Spider-Man 2003	Succeeded by Josh Keaton