Nikolsk, Vologda Oblast
History
The area was populated by Finnic peoples. In the 14th-15th centuries, during the colonization, it was a disputed territory between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Novgorod Republic. Novgorod controlled a major part of the Russian North, and, in particular, all areas along the Sukhona River northeast of what is now Nikolsky District. Moscow controlled Veliky Ustyug, which it inherited from the Vladimir–Suzdal Principality, while the Yug River was the waterway it used to get to Veliky Ustyug. It is known that in 1425 Nikolsk and surrounding territories paid tribute to Novgorod. In the end of the 15th century, the Grand Duchy of Moscow took over the Novgorod's territories and Nikolsk became one of the key points on the way from Moscow to the White Sea, which until 1703 was the main route for the foreign trade in Russia. The harbor of Nikolsk in particular was used to transport cargo.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the territory was included into Archangelgorod Governorate. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty. At the same time, Nikolsk became the seat of an uyezd and was granted town rights. The viceroyalty was abolished in 1796 and Nikolsky Uyezd was transferred to Vologda Governorate. On July 24, 1918, the territory was transferred to the newly established Northern Dvina Governorate with the administrative center located in Veliky Ustyug. On April 18, 1924, the uyezds were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts, at which time Nikolsky District was established.
Geography
Climate
| Climate data for Nikolsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
27.2 (81.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
34.0 (93.2) |
34.3 (93.7) |
36.4 (97.5) |
27.7 (81.9) |
22.5 (72.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
7.5 (45.5) |
36.4 (97.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −8.6 (16.5) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
0.4 (32.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
16.7 (62.1) |
21.4 (70.5) |
23.8 (74.8) |
20.2 (68.4) |
13.7 (56.7) |
5.7 (42.3) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
7.3 (45.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.2 (10.0) |
−10.3 (13.5) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
3.8 (38.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.2 (64.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
3.0 (37.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −15.8 (3.6) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
4.4 (39.9) |
9.8 (49.6) |
12.5 (54.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
5.7 (42.3) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −45.1 (−49.2) |
−44.0 (−47.2) |
−35.0 (−31.0) |
−24.4 (−11.9) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−18.5 (−1.3) |
−35.0 (−31.0) |
−37.8 (−36.0) |
−45.1 (−49.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41.9 (1.65) |
31.9 (1.26) |
33.7 (1.33) |
37.3 (1.47) |
47.6 (1.87) |
85.4 (3.36) |
80.0 (3.15) |
76.7 (3.02) |
57.0 (2.24) |
57.8 (2.28) |
52.1 (2.05) |
51.2 (2.02) |
652.6 (25.69) |
| Source: Никольск погода и климат | |||||||||||||
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Nikolsk serves as the administrative center of Nikolsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Nikolsky District as the town of district significance of Nikolsk. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Nikolsk is incorporated within Nikolsky Municipal District as Nikolsk Urban Settlement.
Economy
Industry
In Nikolsk, timber industry and food industry, including meat, milk, and bread production, are present. There is also linum textile production.
Transportation
The town used to be served by the Nikolsk Airport, which is currently closed.
Paved roads connect Nikolsk with Pyshchug and Manturovo in the south, crossing the border with Kostroma Oblast, with Totma in the west, and with Veliky Ustyug via Kichmengsky Gorodok in the north. There is regular bus service on these roads as well as local bus traffic.
The Yug River is navigable downstream from Nikolsk; however, there is no passenger navigation.
There are no railroads around Nikolsk and the closest railway stations with regular passenger service are Kotlas in Arkhangelsk Oblast and Sharya in Kostroma Oblast. There were plans to extend the Monza Railroad, a railway built for timber transport, which runs along the border of Vologda and Kostroma Oblasts, to Nikolsk; however, these plans never came to fruition.
Culture and recreation
Nikolsk hosts sixty objects designated as cultural and historical heritage of local importance. These are the remains of the pre-1917 Nikolsk.
Author Alexander Yashin, associated with the Village Prose movement in Russian literature, was born in 1913 in what is now Nikolsky District, got his education in Nikolsk, and lived in the town until the mid-1930s. The only state museum in Nikolsk is the Memorial Museum of Alexander Yashin. The museum occupies the house which belonged to Yashin's parents as well as the former house of Yashin.
References
Notes
- ^ Resolution #178
- ^ Law #371-OZ
- ^ Н. В. Солдатова (2006). Г. В. Судаков (ed.). Вологодская энциклопедия (PDF) (in Russian). Вологда: ВГПУ, Русь. p. 343. ISBN 5-87822-305-8. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Law #1119-OD
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Справка об изменениях административно-территориального устройства и сети партийных и комсомольских органов на территории Вологодской области (1917-1991) (in Russian). Архивы России. Archived from the original on September 17, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
- ^ Белихов, А. Б. (2009). А. М. Белов, А. В. Новиков (ed.). Развитие железных дорог Костромского края в ХХ веке. II Романовские чтения. Центр и провинция в системе российской государственности: материалы конференции. Кострома: КГУ им. Н. А. Некрасова. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
- ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
- ^ Никольский историко-мемориальный музей А.Я.Яшина (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
Sources
- Законодательное Собрание Вологодской области. Закон №371-ОЗ от 4 июня 1999 г. «О вопросах административно-территориального устройства Вологодской области», в ред. Закона №2916-ОЗ от 7 декабря 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон области "О вопросах административно-территориального устройства Вологодской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №124–125, 29 июля 1999 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vologda Oblast. Law #371-OZ of June 4, 1999 On the Matters of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vologda Oblast, as amended by the Law #2916-OZ of December 7, 2012 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Matters of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vologda Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Правительство Вологодской области. Постановление №178 от 1 марта 2010 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц Вологодской области», в ред. Постановления №686 от 25 июня 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые Постановления Правительства области». Вступил в силу 20 марта 2010 г. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №29, 20 марта 2010 г. (Government of Vologda Oblast. Resolution #178 of March 1, 2010 On Adopting the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Vologda Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #686 of June 25, 2012 On Amending Various Resolutions of the Oblast Government. Effective as of March 20, 2010.).
- Законодательное Собрание Вологодской области. Закон №1119-ОЗ от 6 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ Никольского муниципального района, границах и статусе муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав», в ред. Закона №3020-ОЗ от 1 апреля 2013 г. «О преобразовании некоторых муниципальных образований Никольского муниципального района Вологодской области и о внесении изменений в Закон области "Об установлении границ Никольского муниципального района, границах и статусе муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №242, 11 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vologda Oblast. Law #1119-OZ of December 6, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of Nikolsky Municipal District, on the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations It Comprises, as amended by the Law #3020-OZ of April 1, 2013 On the Transformation of Several Municipal Formations of Nikolsky Municipal District of Vologda Oblast and on Amending the Law of Vologda Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of Nikolsky Municipal District, on the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations It Comprises". Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication.).
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