"Not Strong Enough" is a song by the American supergroup Boygenius. It was released through Interscope Records on March 1, 2023, as the fourth single from the band's debut studio album The Record. Written by all three members of Boygenius—Julien Baker, Phoebe Bridgers, and Lucy Dacus—"Not Strong Enough" is an indie rock and folk rock song that incorporates elements of numerous genres. Its lyrics primarily concern mental illness and the effects it can have on relationships, with a focus on a narrator experiencing contradictory mental states of self-loathing and self-importance. Music critics also analyzed aspects of gender roles and feminism in the lyrics.

Commercially, the song spent seven weeks at number one on Billboard's Adult Alternative Airplay chart, where it was ranked as the most successful song of 2023; it appeared on several other rock-oriented charts in the United States, while also charting in Ireland and Japan. The song was acclaimed by music critics, many of whom lauded the lyrics. Multiple publications deemed it one of the best songs on The Record and of 2023. At the 66th Annual Grammy Awards, the song received nominations for Record of the Year, Best Rock Song, and Best Rock Performance, winning the latter two. The song's music video chronicles the band spending a day together in various locations around Los Angeles County; it received praise for its candid depiction of the three musicians' friendship, and for having an uplifting aura that contrasted with the relatively dark subject matter of the lyrics. The band regularly performed the song while touring behind The Record; audiences and reviewers generally considered it to be a highlight of each concert.

Boygenius is a supergroup consisting of three American singer-songwriters: Julien Baker, Phoebe Bridgers, and Lucy Dacus. The trio formed in 2018 and released an extended play (EP), Boygenius, in October of that year. Each musician then worked on their solo projects, releasing their respective albums—Punisher by Bridgers, Little Oblivions by Baker, and Home Video by Dacus—over the course of 2020 and 2021. Roughly a week after Punisher's June 2020 release, Bridgers began writing new material to keep herself busy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The song "Emily I'm Sorry", which was later released as a single and as the third track on The Record, originated during this period; Bridgers sent a demo of the song to Dacus and Baker, believing that it felt more fitting for a full band than a solo recording. The three decided to start sharing demos and ideas for songs in a Google Drive folder and a group chat, convening in California twice in 2021 to write together in person. On November 19, the band performed together for the first time in three years as part of a charity concert for Bread and Roses Presents. The band recorded the album at Shangri-La in Malibu for much of January 2022 with contributions from several session musicians, including bass guitar work from Jay Som and percussion from Carla Azar of the American alternative rock band Autolux. Additional recording was completed at Sound City Studios in Van Nuys.

The band was secretive about the writing and recording processes while they were ongoing; when individual members were asked in interviews whether they would reunite, they generally gave oblique and evasive responses. Rumors about a debut album from Boygenius began spreading in late 2022 to 2023, following a photoshoot in November 2022 and the announcement of their inclusion on the 2023 Coachella lineup. On January 18, 2023, the band's debut album The Record and its tracklist were announced, with a release date of March 31. Three singles were released at this time: "$20", "True Blue", and the aforementioned "Emily I'm Sorry". According to Bridgers, the album's first half consists of songs which were near completion by the time she, Baker, and Dacus shared them with each other; the second half is informed by the album's creative process itself, as well as the bond shared by the three band members. The collaboratively written "Not Strong Enough" appears as the sixth track out of 12. On March 1, the song was released as the album's fourth single, along with an accompanying music video. It was serviced to adult album alternative radio stations in the United States on March 13, followed by addition to alternative radio stations in the country 15 days later.

"Not Strong Enough" primarily falls within the genres of indie rock and folk rock. Writing for Stereogum, Tom Breihan called it a "twinkling headrush rocker". For Exclaim! and Clash, the song evoked the Laurel Canyon music scene of the early 1970s. Eric Mason of Slant Magazine and Lindsay Zoladz of The New York Times detected influences from pop music in the recording—Mason believed that the song exhibited "sly pop acumen" and Zoladz felt that it subverted tropes of the genre—while Tyler Golsen of Far Out found elements of country music; Cat Zhang of Pitchfork and Jeremy Winograd of Slant Magazine explicitly described it as country pop, and Ben Beaumont-Thomas of The Guardian categorized it as pop rock. Chris Willman of Variety classified it as jangle pop, with Andrew Sacher of BrooklynVegan also finding similarities to the genre. Jon Pareles of The New York Times perceived it to contain influences from new wave, which he attributed to the "pumping, echoing" production. Alex Flood of NME described the final minute of the song as "punky". During interviews with Variety and The New York Times, the band stated that the song was partially written for radio play and that they wanted the song to be catchy and enjoyable; Dacus believed that the results were unconventional for what was ultimately a successful radio single, and Bridgers felt that the band's artistic integrity had remained intact. Willman, Carl Wilson of Slate, and Rachel Syme of The New Yorker perceived the song to have commercial appeal, while Syme and Sacher compared it to early singles by Sheryl Crow.

"Not Strong Enough" is built on basic rock instrumentation of guitars, bass, and percussion, while also incorporating synthesizers. The song integrates both acoustic and electric guitars, which multiple music critics observed to be strummed. Allaire Nuss of Entertainment Weekly and Mikael Wood of the Los Angeles Times assessed the guitar riffs as possessing luminescent qualities. They sounded like chimes to Mark Savage of BBC Music. Angie Martoccio of Rolling Stone compared the song's guitarwork to the American musician Frank Black, having previously stated in a January 2023 cover story that Bridgers had partially drawn influence from Black during the songwriting process. Pareles noted that the song's bass lines provide counter-melodies against the guitars. Several critics commented that the percussion was high in energy and integral to the song; Rolling Stone and British GQ characterized the drumming as "chaotic" and "pounding", respectively, and PopMatters's John Amen felt that the percussion had a "bouncy" aspect. The bass drum utilizes a four on the floor pattern according to Dacus. Golsen remarked that the drumming was propulsive and steady; he felt that the drumming and synthesizers were components that helped to set the song apart from The Record's other three tracks that had been made available to the public before the album's release. In an interview with Zan Rowe of the Australian radio station Double J, Catherine Marks recalled that, with mixing assistance from Sarah Tudzin, she used takes from two drummers—Carla Azar and Barbara Gruska—to splice together the song's percussion. The synthesizers were compared to music of the 1980s by Kyle Petersen of No Depression and the American rock band the War on Drugs by John Vettese of WXPN. Nuss contrasted the cleanliness and warmth of the synthesizers and guitars with what she observed to be great turmoil at the heart of the song, comparing the effect to porcelain being "hurtled at a wall".

The song was the final to be completed for The Record. According to sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Hal Leonard Music Publishing, "Not Strong Enough" is set in common time at a tempo of 126 beats per minute and composed in the key of D♭ major. It opens with a repeatedly strummed suspended G♭ chord before following a chord progression of D♭–A♭–E♭m7–B♭m in the verses, switching to a frequently modulating basic progression of G♭–D♭–A♭–B♭m7 for the chorus. The vocals of Bridgers, Baker, and Dacus collectively span a range from the low note of F₃ to the high note of D♭₅. All three members take lead vocal duties at varying points in the song: Bridgers leads the first verse and chorus; Baker leads the second verse and chorus; and Dacus leads the bridge and final chorus. Bridgers and Baker sing their respective verses alone, with the rest of the group adding vocal harmonies during each chorus. A short instrumental interlude follows the second chorus, after which Dacus quietly sings solo with minimal musical accompaniment. Bridgers and Baker gradually join Dacus as the music builds intensity. The song reaches its climax near the end of the bridge, carried by "thundering instrumentation" according to NPR Music, as Baker's and Bridgers's voices raise drastically. The instruments abruptly but briefly quiet underneath the vocals, leading into the final chorus.

The lyrics of "Not Strong Enough" touch on issues like mental illness and resultant relationship dysfunction. The band explained the meanings of the song in a video interview with Genius—Bridgers elucidated that the song was about using self-pity to escape the responsibility that comes with accountability, while Baker described the lyrics as expressing self-consciousness of one's abilities to do their part in a relationship but lacking the commitment to do so. Dacus responded to Bridgers and Baker by humorously labeling the song as "fuckboy-genius". Alex Hopper of American Songwriter surmised that the song was about an unhealthy relationship in which self-loathing and insincere apologies are used as leverage. Other critics determined aspects of gender roles while Gay Times's Zoya Raza-Sheikh interpreted the lyrics to contain facets of feminism.

Bridgers's verse describes lacking the executive function capabilities to change clocks so that they display the correct time. Rick Quinn of PopMatters theorized this incapacitation to be the result of a panic attack. According to Rob Hakimian of Beats Per Minute, the verse's opening lines establish the overall mood of the song's lyrics, which Hakimian characterized as "dissociative". Vulture and Flood Magazine summarized the verse as portraying the effects of depression on the perception of one's surroundings. Far Out viewed it as an application of kitchen sink realism. Baker's verse is about the prospect of a drag race ending in a lethal automobile accident. It namechecks the song "Boys Don't Cry" by the English rock band the Cure, which Alex Harris of Neon Music perceived to reference how people are expected by society to keep their emotions hidden. Quinn noted that "Boys Don't Cry" shares its name with a 1999 film about Brandon Teena, a trans man who was slain in a hate crime; he suggested that Baker's verse contains a double entendre alluding to drag performers and anti-LGBT bigotry.

The song's chorus is an homage to Crow's 1994 single "Strong Enough". Bridgers had thought of the referential lyric, "Not strong enough to be your man", long before the song was written and had been waiting for the right opportunity to include it. Though the song details feelings of depression, Bridgers told Newsweek that she did not experience these emotions during the writing process, likening the discrepancy to "talking to your friends about the things you struggle with mentally, like you're not actually emotionally activated in the moment when sharing or talking about it." Each chorus uses different lyrics.

The bridge consists of the line, "Always an angel, never a god", repeated twelve times. According to Dacus, the lyric is intended to describe "receiving praise for being subservient". Hopper felt that it represented a "power imbalance" where a person with mental illness has greater influence in a relationship, while Lola J. DeAscentiis of The Harvard Crimson opined that it represented feeling helpless and adrift. Nuss stated that it conveyed feelings of disappointment with being belittled by other people. Writing for Flood Magazine, Kyle Lemmon interpreted the lyric to express "feelings of guilt and shame". To Atwood Magazine's Nic Nichols and Dazed's Günseli Yalcinkaya, the lyric encapsulated the struggles of women against misogyny in the music industry. Spin's Daniel Kohn wrote that it "express[ed] ... how to manage your own expectations and emotions while dealing with your own shit".

"Not Strong Enough" appeared on several rock-related single charts in the United States. It debuted at number 17 on Billboard's Adult Alternative Airplay chart on the week ending March 25; it reached number one on the week ending June 3, becoming the first song by any member of Boygenius to summit a Billboard airplay chart. It remained at number one for seven weeks and spent a total of 24 weeks on the chart; Billboard ultimately ranked it as the most successful song of 2023 on adult alternative radio. On Billboard's Alternative Airplay chart, the song debuted at number 40 on the week ending April 8, peaking at number 11 on the week ending September 2 and charting for a total of 23 weeks. On Billboard's overall Rock Airplay chart, which measures audience impressions across mainstream rock, alternative, and adult album alternative radio stations, the song debuted at number 39 on the week ending March 25 and peaked at number 12 on the week ending June 17, charting for a total of 24 weeks. Billboard later ranked the song at numbers 27 and 26 on the 2023 year-end tallies for Alternative Airplay and Rock Airplay, respectively. On the multi-metric Hot Rock & Alternative Songs chart, which ranks songs based on streaming figures and digital sales in addition to radio airplay, it debuted at number 43 on the week ending March 18 and peaked at number 26 on the week ending June 10, spending 22 weeks on the chart; it was ranked at number 74 on that chart's year-end listing.

Outside of the United States, "Not Strong Enough" had a limited presence on record charts. In Ireland, the song debuted and peaked at number 78 on the week of April 6 and fell off the chart the following week; it re-entered at number 84 on the week of August 31 for a second and final week on the chart. On Billboard Japan's Hot Overseas chart, the song debuted at number 15 on the week of March 20 and has since charted for nine non-consecutive weeks. It peaked at number nine on the week of May 1; as of May 2024, its most recent appearance was on the week of February 19, when it was ranked at number 15.

"Not Strong Enough" was met with critical acclaim. Multiple publications named it a highlight of The Record in their reviews of the album, including Alternative Press, NME, DIY, PopMatters, Beats Per Minute, Exclaim!, Flood Magazine, Paste, and Uncut. Tyler Golsen of Far Out gave the song four out of five stars, writing "It's just fun and that's all it needs to be. If you make songs as good as this, you don't need anything more." Writing for Consequence, which selected "Not Strong Enough" as its Song of the Week, Spencer Dukoff described it as a "worship song for non-believers" and praised the vocals and lyrics. Lola J. DeAscentiis of The Harvard Crimson was extremely positive, hailing the song as "a stunning masterpiece that manages to turn the most gruesome mental breakdown into a work of art, yet still avoids the romanticization of these struggles." Atwood Magazine's collaborative review of The Record saw five of the review's seven contributors cite "Not Strong Enough" as one of the album's best songs, complimenting its "colorful instrumentation" and "spunky admission of inadequacy". Writing for American Songwriter, Alex Hopper praised the song's unconventional approach to relationship-based lyrical themes. Ben Tipple of DIY referred to the song as "a shining moment in a sound of friendship that doesn't take itself too seriously, but comes built on an unshakable admiration for every facet of their beings." Adam Feibel of Exclaim! stated that it "showcases each of them equally and sounds like them, all at once." MusicOMH and Nashville Scene both considered the song to be "greater than the sum" of the three musicians' individual songwriting and performance capabilities. A lukewarm view of "Not Strong Enough" was given by No Ripcord's David Coleman, who rated The Record six out of 10 in his review of the album. Coleman considered the song to be emblematic of his reservations toward the album; he was unimpressed with the songwriting and arrangements, and criticized the album for falling short of its promise, although he did praise the harmonies.

Spin, Uproxx, and the Los Angeles Times crowned "Not Strong Enough" as the best song of 2023. Many other publications and media organizations included it in their year-end lists, such as BBC Music (number two), Billboard (number six), British GQ (unranked), Clash (number 15), Consequence (number 22), DIY (number three), Elle (unranked top 42), Entertainment Weekly (number two), Esquire (unranked top 20), Far Out (number 22), The Guardian (number 19), NME (number 15), NPR Music (unranked top 123), Paper (unranked top 17), Pitchfork (number 32), Rolling Stone (number 13), Slant Magazine (number 10), Spectrum Culture (number four), Time Out (number 20), and Variety (unranked top 65). Far Out considered it to be the fourth-best Boygenius song, while Exclaim! placed it eighth on a list of the best songs written and performed by Bridgers. Triple J ranked it at number 30 on their Hottest 100 of 2023.

The music video for "Not Strong Enough" documents Baker, Bridgers, and Dacus spending a day together in various locations around Los Angeles. It starts with images of roadside scenery, interspersed with a clip of members headbanging while driving, before the band arrives at the Santa Monica Pier. At the pier, the band prances along the boardwalk, plays arcade games—where Baker tests her strength at a high striker and Bridgers plays a virtual reality game—and rides a carousel, a Ferris wheel, and a roller coaster. After this, the band goes to the Getty Villa, where they explore the area and observe multiple statues and art displays. In one sequence, the screen continually moves to the right as Baker, Bridgers, and Dacus stand erect in between several busts, attempting to mimic their stoic facial expressions. Next, the band practices softball in a batting cage before visiting a miniature golf course, where Baker and Bridgers climb a small castle used as a prop. The band then goes for a hike, where they descend a long staircase and traverse a dark tunnel. During the second half of the song's bridge, the video progresses through clips at a dramatically increased rate; these clips include a monster truck rally, Bridgers viewing tarot cards, Dacus in a bookstore, rehearsal in the studio, and the band preparing and eating meals. The video finishes with the band having a beachside bonfire, where in one scene, they are running around while waving brightly colored smoke bombs through the air.

Baker, Bridgers, and Dacus expressed to i-D magazine that their intention had been to create a video that represented their friendship; they recorded the video themselves so that the result would be more authentic. It was edited by Bridgers's brother Jackson. Lola J. DeAscentiis of The Harvard Crimson, Robin Murray of Clash, and Will Schube of uDiscover Music opined that the presentation of the video resembled that of a home movie. DeAscentiis felt that the carefree aura of the video contradicted the dark themes of the lyrics, adding more depth to the song. Cron wrote: "It's as fun as it is endearing, and it underlines why Boygenius' members work so well together. From the joy on their faces, it's clear that the music – vital as it is – is not the most important part of Boygenius." Derrick Rossignol of Uproxx commented that the video made apparent the strength of the band's bond, further stating that it "echo[ed] the album's mission statement, which was described in previous press materials as being 'about recapturing joy.'" Newsweek's David Chiu remarked that the unassuming nature of the video contrasted Boygenius against past supergroups, whom he noted to have been afflicted with "commercial pressures and ego".

Boygenius first performed "Not Strong Enough" at Carnegie Hall as part of a benefit concert for Tibet House US on March 1, 2023, coinciding with the release of the single. The band's inclusion was arranged shortly before the concert; the only other song in their setlist was fellow The Record track "Cool About It", which was also performed live for the first time. It became a regular part of their setlist during the Tour in support of The Record, usually near or at the end of the main set. In a four-star review of an August 20 performance at Gunnersbury Park, Kitty Empire of The Guardian described the song as a "theme tune" for the band. Billboard's Stephen Daw praised an October 2 rendition at Madison Square Garden—the trio's first concert at that venue—as "top-notch". Reviewing a June 13 concert at Harrah's Cherokee Center, Brian Postelle of Asheville Stages described a visceral crowd reaction to the song, writing that "If [the audience] had all been suddenly lifted into the air and spirited away, it would not have seemed so out of place."

Concurrently with the first several weeks of the Tour, Bridgers opened for Taylor Swift at 10 dates on the Eras Tour; at the first of these, a May 5 show in Nashville, Baker and Dacus joined Bridgers onstage to perform "Not Strong Enough". When the Tour concluded with a concert on Halloween at the Hollywood Bowl, the band dressed as the Trinity—Dacus as the Father, Bridgers as the Spirit, and Baker as the Holy Son—to perform the song in a move which Variety compared to the "always an angel, never a God" lyric. The band also played the song on Jimmy Kimmel Live! (April 21) and Saturday Night Live (November 11). For the latter performance, the band donned black suits in an homage to the Beatles' February 9, 1964, appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show; Boygenius's kick drum design mimicked the one the Beatles used that night, using the same font as the latter band's logo. In the same episode, the band appeared in a skit alongside Timothée Chalamet as four likenesses of Troye Sivan—all of them approximating Sivan's own fashion style and choreography—which were sleep paralysis demons hallucinated by a character played by Sarah Sherman.

"Not Strong Enough" was nominated in three categories at the 66th Annual Grammy Awards (2024): Record of the Year, Best Rock Song, and Best Rock Performance. It lost the first award to "Flowers" by Miley Cyrus, but won the latter two awards; they were, together with The Record's win for Best Alternative Music Album, the first Grammys for all band members. Several media outlets remarked that Boygenius was amongst a large number of LGBT artists who had received nominations and awards, including Cyrus, Sivan, Brandy Clark, Billie Eilish, Victoria Monét, and Romy. In an interview with Billboard, Baker, Bridgers, and Dacus stated that they were pleased by the amount of LGBT representation at the 2024 Grammys, which they described as indicative that the LGBT community was being taken more seriously as an artistic force than it had been previously. In the same interview, and later upon accepting the awards, the band detailed feelings of excitement and disbelief. Dacus expressed that she "need[ed] a whole new bucket list" and that "[she, Baker, and Bridgers] were all delusional enough as kids to think that this might happen to [them] someday"; Bridgers pontificated about "what weird shit [she could] do next" and Baker emphasized the importance of music in her life.

Credits are adapted from the liner notes of The Record.

• Boygenius – performance, songwriting, production
• Carla Azar – assistant performance
• Tony Berg – production
• Jacob Blizard – assistant performance
• Anna Butterss – assistant performance
• Melina Duterte – assistant performance, production
• Barbara Gruska – assistant performance
• Ethan Gruska – assistant performance, production
• Owen Lantz – engineering
• Will Maclellan – engineering
• Catherine Marks – assistant performance, production, recording
• Mike Mogis – mixing
• Rob Moose – assistant performance
• Bobby Mota – engineering
• Kaushlesh "Garry" Purohit – engineering
• Sebastian Steinberg – assistant performance
• Pat Sullivan – mastering
• Sarah Tudzin – assistant performance, production, engineering
• Marshall Vore – assistant performance