The Pan American Games sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer Olympic Games. In addition, traditional and popular sports throughout the Americas which are not contested at the Olympic Games are also contested such as bowling and baseball. As of 2015, the Pan American Games included 36 sports with 51 disciplines and 364 events. The number and kinds of events may change slightly from one Pan American Games to another.

For purposes of Pan American Games competition, the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) makes a distinction between sports and disciplines. A sport, in Pan American Games terms, is a single or group of disciplines as represented by an international governing body, namely an International Federation. For example, aquatics, represented at the Olympic level by the International Swimming Federation, is a sport at the Pan American Games that includes the swimming, diving, synchronized swimming and water polo disciplines.

Every Summer Olympic discipline is currently on the Pan American Games program. The last such discipline to be added was canoe slalom, which made its debut in 2015 in Toronto, Canada. The discipline had been scheduled to be held at both the 2007 and 2011 Pan American Games, but had been dropped both times due to the small number of competing countries. The Games also include some disciplines which have never been contested at a Summer Olympics. Examples can be found in baseball and softball, now considered a single Pan Am Games sport due to sharing a single international federation. Both were last contested in the Olympics in 2008 and will return in 2020, but baseball has been strictly for men and softball for women. In the Pan Am Games, men's softball has been on the program on several occasions, most recently in 2015; women's baseball made its debut in 2015.

Medals are awarded on a per-event basis; there can be one or more events per sport or discipline. In fact, every current Pan American Games discipline has at least two events.

The Pan American Games charter establishes that they comprise the program of the Games, the 28 compulsory sports of the program of the Olympic Games plus seven sports recognized by the entity, due to its popularity in the American continent, if a new sport becomes Olympic it is automatically added to the program of the Pan American Games. This only happens, if the number of national federations in the Americas is sufficient. In the same way that it happens in the Universiade, the Organizing Committee of the each edition can request the inclusion of new sports or disciplines, respecting the local demands. An example of this is the removal of the Basque pelota in the program of the Games of 2007 and 2015 and its replacement respectively by futsal. and the woman's baseball tournament.

Until the 2011 Games in Guadalajara, just one olympic event was never held, the canoe slalom. The event was planned to be held in the 2007 and 2011 editions, but was eventually canceled due to the low number of entries. Thus, the event was held for the first time at the 2015 Games.

Previous Pan American Games have included sports which are no longer present on the current program, like futsal and polo.

The International Olympic Committee voted on October 9, 2009, during the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen, to elevate both rugby sevens and golf as official Olympic sports and to include them in the Olympics, beginning with the 2016 Olympic Games. With this development, rugby sevens made its debut at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, and golf was played at the 2015 Pan American Games before becoming an Olympic sport. In 2015, as a result of a request from the organizing committee, PASO decided to include surfing in the 2019 Pan American Games program. The following year, a few days before the opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics, surfing was integrated to the 2020 Summer Olympics program.

The following sports (or disciplines of a sport) make up the current Pan American Games official program and are listed alphabetically according to the name used by PASO. The figures in each cell indicate the number of events for each sport contested at the respective Games; a bullet (•) denotes that the sport/discipline was scheduled to be competed, but was dropped due to a lack of entries.

Nine of the 39 sports (Aquatics, Basketball, Canoeing, Cycling, Football, Gymnastics, Volleyball, Equestrian and Wrestling) consist of multiple disciplines. Disciplines from the same sport are grouped under the same heading:

For equestrian and wrestling, the figures in each cell indicate the number of events for each sport, and not for each discipline separately.

Multiple new sports and events were added to the next edition of the games in 2023. The new sports are breaking, skateboarding and sport climbing.

The following sports have been contested at the Pan American Games:

Sport (Discipline)		Body	51	55	59	63	67	71	75	79	83	87	91	95	99	03	07	11	15	19	23
Artistic swimming		FINA		3		3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Diving			4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	6	6	4	8	8	8	8	10	10
Marathon swimming																	2	2	2	2	2
Swimming			21	21	21	21	30	30	30	30	30	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	32	34	36
Water polo			1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Basketball		FIBA	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
3x3 basketball																				2	2
Canoe/kayak (sprint)		ICF										12	13	13	12	12	12	12	13	12	10
Canoe/kayak (slalom)																	•	•	5	6	6
Figure skating		WS								3		4	6	6	4	2	2	2	2	2	2
Speed skating										12		12	13	23	6	4	4	6	6	6	8
Skateboarding																					4
Baseball		WBSC	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	1
Softball										2	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	1	2	2	1
BMX freestyle		UCI																		2	2
BMX racing																	2	2	2	2	2
Mountain biking														2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Road cycling			3	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Track cycling			5	3	3	3	4	4	4	4	5	7	7	8	12	12	10	10	10	12	12
Artistic		FIG	8	12	18	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14
Rhythmic												5	7	7	2	6	8	8	8	8	8
Trampoline																	2	2	2	2	4
Volleyball (beach)		FIVB													2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Volleyball (indoor)				2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Dressage		FEI	6	5	6	6	6	6	6	4	4	6	4	6	6	4	6	6	6	6	6
Eventing
Jumping
Freestyle		UWW	8	8	8	8	8	10	20	20	20	20	20	20	16	18	18	18	18	18	18
Greco-Roman
Archery		WA								4	12	4	12	12	4	4	4	4	4	8	10
Athletics		IAAF	33	29	32	33	35	37	37	39	40	48	43	44	47	46	47	47	47	48	48
Badminton		BWF												5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Basque pelota		FIPV												12		6		10		10	8
Bowling		WTBA									Demo		4	8	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
Boxing		AIBA	8	10	10	10	10	11	11	11	12	12	12	12	12	11	11	13	13	15	13
Breaking		WDSF																			2
Fencing		FIE	7	7	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	10	10	10	10	10	12	12	12	12
Field hockey		FIH					1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Football		FIFA	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Golf		IGF																	3	3	2
Handball		IHF										2	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Judo		IJF				4	6		6	8	16	16	18	18	14	14	14	14	14	14	15
Karate		WKF												10	11	9	9	10	10	14	12
Modern pentathlon		UIPM	2	2	2	2						1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	5	5
Racquetball		IRF												6	4	4		6	6	6	7
Rowing		FISA	7	7	7	7	7	7	8	8	10	15	20	21	14	14	13	14	14	14	13
Rugby sevens		WR																1	2	2	2
Sailing		ISAF	2		7	6	4	3	4	5	8	6	9	11	10	8	9	9	10	10	13
Shooting		ISSF	14	16	21	12	10	10	14	14	32	22	34	36	15	17	15	15	15	15	15
Sport climbing		IFSC																			4
Squash		WSF												4	4	4	4	6	6	7	7
Surfing		ISA																		8	8
Table tennis		ITTF								7	7	7	7	7	6	6	4	4	4	7	7
Taekwondo		WTF										8	8	16	8	8	8	8	8	12	11
Tennis		ITF	5	5	5	5	5		5	5	5	5	6	6	4	4	4	5	5	5	5
Triathlon		ITU												2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3
Water skiing		IWWF												6	6	6	7	9	9	10	10
Weightlifting		IWF	5	7	7	7	7	9	9	10	10	10	10	10	15	15	15	15	15	14	10
Total events			140	146	166	160	169	164	190	249	249	296	331	408	330	338	331	361	364	421	417

The following sports were previously part of the Pan American Games program as official sports, but are no longer on the current program.

Sport		Body	51	55	59	63	67	71	75	79	83	87	91	95	99	03	07	11	15	19	23
Inline hockey		WS													1	1
Roller hockey										1		1	1	1
Bodybuilding		IFBB																		2
Futsal		FIFA															1
Polo		FIP	1
Sambo		FIAS									20
Total events			1							1	20	1	1	1	1	1	1			2

Sport		Body	90
Alpine skiing		FIS	6
Total events			6