The Perseus cluster (Abell 426) is a cluster of galaxies in the constellation Perseus. It has a recession speed of 5,366 km/s and a diameter of 863′. It is one of the most massive objects in the known universe, containing thousands of galaxies immersed in a vast cloud of multimillion-degree gas.

The Perseus galaxy cluster is the brightest cluster in the sky when observed in the X-ray band.

The cluster contains the radio source 3C 84 that is currently blowing bubbles of relativistic plasma into the core of the cluster. These are seen as holes in an X-ray image of the cluster, as they push away the X-ray emitting gas. They are known as radio bubbles, because they appear as emitters of radio waves due to the relativistic particles in the bubble. The galaxy NGC 1275 is located at the centre of the cluster, where the X-ray emission is brightest.

The first detection of X-ray emission from the Perseus cluster (astronomical designation Per XR-1) occurred during an Aerobee rocket flight on March 1, 1970. The X-ray source may be associated with NGC 1275 (Per A, 3C 84), and was reported in 1971. If the source is NGC 1275, then L_x is about 4 x 10 ergs/s. More detailed observations from Uhuru confirmed the earlier detection and its source within the Perseus cluster.

In 2003, a team of astronomers led by Andrew Fabian at Cambridge University discovered one of the deepest notes ever detected, after 53 hours of Chandra observations. No human will actually hear the note, because its time period between oscillations is 9.6 million years, which is 57 octaves below the keys in the middle of a piano. The sound waves appear to be generated by the inflation of bubbles of relativistic plasma by the central active galactic nucleus in NGC 1275. The bubbles are visible as ripples in the X-ray band since the X-ray brightness of the intracluster medium that fills the cluster is strongly dependent on the density of the plasma. In May 2022, NASA reported the sonification (converting astronomical data associated with pressure waves into sound) of the black hole at the center of the Perseus galaxy cluster.

A similar case also happens in the nearby Virgo Cluster, generated by an even larger supermassive black hole in the galaxy Messier 87, also detected by Chandra. Like the former, no human will hear the note. The tone is variable, and even lower than those generated by NGC 1275, from 56 octaves below middle C on minor eruptions, to as low as 59 octaves below middle C on major eruptions.

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  Euclid space telescope view of the Perseus Cluster. The image shows 1000 galaxies belonging to the cluster, and more than 100 000 additional galaxies further away in the background
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  Perseus Cluster photographed with amateur equipment
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  Perseus Cluster (Chandra X-ray).
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  Turbulence may prevent galaxy clusters from cooling (Chandra X-ray).
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  Composite view of NGC 1275 and the center of the Perseus Cluster (VLA-Radio, Chandra-X-ray, Hubble-Visible, SDSS-Infrared)

• Abell catalogue – Astronomical catalogue of galaxy clusters
• List of Abell clusters

• The Perseus Cluster on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
• NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Sound waves in Perseus (8 December 2005)
• NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: A Note on the Perseus Cluster (12 September 2003)
• NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Much better version of Perseus cluster (12 July 2011)
• Fabian, A.C., et al. A deep Chandra observation of the Perseus cluster: shocks and ripples. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Vol. 344 (2003): L43 (arXiv:astro-ph/0306036v2).
• The galaxy cluster Abell 426 (Perseus). A catalogue of 660 galaxy positions, isophotal magnitudes and morphological types, Brunzendorf, J.; Meusinger, H., Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement, v.139, p. 141–161, 1999.
• The galaxy cluster Abell 426 (Perseus). A deep image of Abell 426
• Space.com article about "Sound of a Black Hole." in the Perseus cluster
• http://aida.astroinfo.org/
• Perseus A: Mysterious X-ray Signal Intrigues Astronomers
• The clickable Perseus cluster