Peter The Great Museum Of Anthropology And Ethnography
History
As part of Peter the Great's establishment of St Petersburg as the new Russian capital, he established an imperial cabinet of curiosities dedicated to preserving "natural and human curiosities and rarities" in the manner of some of the other European courts since the 16th century. Such cabinets allowed rulers and the elite to acquire a fuller knowledge of the world and to demonstrate their control over it. Peter's personal collection was first exhibited to the public at the Summer Palace in 1714, which is used by the present museum as its founding date. Peter's main interest was in natural things (naturalia) rather than manmade ones (artificialia). A major component of the original collection was a large assortment of human and animal fetuses with various birth defects, many of which Peter had acquired in 1697 from Frederick Ruysch and Levinus Vincent. Peter encouraged research into deformities, particularly in order to debunk superstitious fear of monsters. In particular, he issued a ukase ordering malformed stillborn infants to be sent from anywhere in Russia to the imperial collection. He subsequently had them put on show in the Kunstkamera as examples of accidents of nature.
The present Kunstkamera is a turreted Petrine Baroque building designed by Prussian architect Georg Johann Mattarnovy. Its foundation stone was laid in 1719 and it was fully completed in 1727. A separate building had become necessary after the purchase of large collections from the Dutch pharmacologist Albertus Seba in 1716 and the Dutch anatomist Frederik Ruysch in 1717. Examination and organization of these collections also spurred the creation of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A third acquisition came from Jacob de Wilde, a collector of gems and scientific instruments. These purchases were largely organized by Robert Erskine, Peter's chief physician, and his secretary Johann Daniel Schumacher.
Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography
In the 1830s, the Kunstkamera collections were dispersed to newly established imperial museums, the most important being the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, established in 1879. It has a collection approaching 2,000,000 items and has been known as the Peter the Great Museum since 1903 in order to distinguish it from the Russian Museum of Ethnography. In 1747 some objects were lost in a fire.
List of directors
- Leopold Schrenk (1879–94)
- Vasily Radlov (1894–1918)
- Vasily Bartold (1918–21)
- Yefim Karskiy (1921–30)
- Nikolay Matorin (1930–36)
- Dmitry Olderogge (1935–40)
- Nikolai Kislyakov (1940–48)
- Leonid Potapov (1948–1967)
- Lyudmila Saburova (1967–1982)
- Rudolf Its (1982–1990)
- Nikolai Girenko (1991–92)
- Alexander Myl’nikov (1992–97)
- Chuner Taksami (1997–2001)
- Yuri Chistov (2001–present)
See also
- List of museums in Saint Petersburg
- Globe of Gottorf (one of the museum's main artistic pieces)
- Pushkin House (occupied the rooms in the Kunstkamera building in 1905–27)
Notes
- ^ Driessen-Van het Reve, J.J. (2006) De Kunstkamera van Peter de Grote. De Hollandse inbreng, gereconstrueerd uit brieven van Albert Seba en Johann Daniel Schumacher uit de jaren 1711–1752. English summary, pp. 335–336.
- ^ Driessen-Van het Reve, J.J. (2006) De Kunstkamera van Peter de Grote. De Hollandse inbreng, gereconstrueerd uit brieven van Albert Seba en Johann Daniel Schumacher uit de jaren 1711–1752. English summary, pp. 337–338.
- ^ Kunstkamera
Bibliography
- Vladimir Romanovich Arsenyev. 1999. Le musée d'Anthropologie et d'Ethnographie Pierre-le-Grand à Saint-Pétersbourg. Cahiers d'Études africaines 39, no. 155/156: 681–699.
External links
- Official website of the Kunstkamera (in English)
- Kunstkamera, Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Saint Petersburg)
- Photo (1024 × 768)
- Peter’s collection lives on: Russia's oldest museum marks 300th birthday
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