Pewsham is a small village and former civil parish just south-east of the town of Chippenham on the A4 national route towards Calne in Wiltshire, England.

Although signposted as Pewsham on the main road at both ends, the original settlement does not appear on Ordnance Survey maps, which instead apply the name to the southeastern outskirts of Chippenham. Spread along the road are a small business centre called Forest Gate, a car dealership and a pub named The Pewsham. Set back behind the pub is Pewsham House, built in red brick in 1892; it was designed in 17th-century style by the Wiltshire architect Charles Ponting.

The Cocklemore Brook drains the farmland south of the A4, and flows into the Avon near Pewsham Locks. The closest neighbouring village is Derry Hill, in particular the 'Old Derry Hill' area at the foot of the hill, just beyond the pub.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, when large housing developments spread across several towns, Pewsham was the name given to Chippenham's new residential district in the south-east of the town. The diverted A4 which forms the district's perimeter road is named Pewsham Way.

There was a royal forest in the area from the 13th century, sometimes called Chippenham forest, at other times Pewsham and Bowood forest.

Pewsham was one of several areas that in 1842 formed the ecclesiastical parish for the newly consecrated Christ Church at Derry Hill; until then Pewsham was extra-parochial, i.e. outside any parish, presumably because it had been largely uninhabited woodland or wood-pasture.

The population of the Pewsham extra-parochial area peaked at 480 in 1841. It was made a civil parish in 1858, at the same time as many other extra-parochial places. In 1884 Nethermore to the south-east (formerly a detached tithing of Chippenham, with nine houses) was added to the parish, as was an area to the south; thus the parish extended as far south as the edges of the Lackham House and Bowden Park estates.

The parish was enlarged further in 1934, taking an area from Chippenham Without, so that it extended northwards beyond Tytherton Lucas; the area transferred had a population of 260 at the 1931 census. Finally, Pewsham parish was abolished on 1 April 1984, its built-up area transferred to Chippenham parish and the rural remainder to Calne Without and Bremhill. In 1971 the parish had a population of 1332.

Pewsham electoral division elects one member of Wiltshire Council, the unitary authority. It covers the southeastern extremity of Chippenham's built-up area, and the rural area to the south which is bounded by the river and the canal.

The Wilts & Berks Canal, completed in this area in 1797, ran from south-west to north-east, and under a bridge on the A4 near the present-day Hyundai dealership. The canal was abandoned in 1914 but is under restoration by the Wilts & Berks Canal Trust. Three locks and a dry dock south of the A4 at grid reference ST969710 are at the north end of a re-watered stretch of canal. The canal towpath is an amenity for local residents, and is accessible only via footpaths; one path continues to Lacock.

Media related to Pewsham at Wikimedia Commons