On October 30, 1959, Piedmont Airlines Flight 349, a Douglas DC-3, crashed on Bucks Elbow Mountain near Crozet, Virginia, killing the crew of three and all but one of its twenty-four passengers. The sole survivor was seriously injured and lay on the ground near the wreckage, still strapped in his seat.

The aircraft was on an instrument landing system (ILS) approach to Charlottesville–Albemarle Airport inbound from Washington National Airport. While performing an inbound turn, the aircraft crashed into Bucks Elbow Mountain at 2,600 feet (790 m).

The subsequent investigation determined the cause of the accident to be:

A navigational omission which resulted in a lateral course error that was not detected and corrected through precision instrument flying procedures. A contributing factor to the accident may have been pre-occupation of the captain resulting from mental stress.

The Air Line Pilots Association conducted its own investigation and came to a very different conclusion. Rather than missing the one turn on their flight, the pilot and co-pilot, according to ALPA, may have been led astray by faulty radio beacons. The ALPA report, citing numerous instances of an intermittent signal at the beacon for the Charlottesville airport, found that the beacon for a private field in Hagerstown, Maryland, could have overridden and caused the collision with the mountain.

The accident aircraft, named Buckeye Pacemaker, was registered as N55V and had construction number 20447. The aircraft had previously flown with Meteor Air Transport as N53593 and was sold to Piedmont Airlines in December 1956.

• List of sole survivors of aviation accidents and incidents

• Final accident report from the Civil Aeronautics Board
• "Alone on a mountain: the true story of Flight 349" Archived October 5, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
• Radio interview with the first person to reach the scene.
• Page about Phil Bradley, the sole survivor of the crash. Archived December 6, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
• "One Man's Anguish". Time. May 5, 1961. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007. - Time Magazine article about the pilot.