Probolinggo Regency (Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦧꦭꦶꦁꦒ, romanized: Kabupatèn Prabalingga) is a regency in East Java province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,696.17 sq. km, and had a population of 1,096,244 at the 2010 Census and 1,152,537 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,163,859 (comprising 573,945 males and 589,914 females). Its capital was formerly the city of Probolinggo, but (after that city became an independent administrative entity) the capital is now at the town of Kraksaan.

The Dutch marines landed in Situbondo on 21 July 1947. They did not meet much resistance from Indonesian forces. Some of them headed west to attacked Probolinggo from the east of the regency. At 16.15 on the same day, the forces supported by armored vehicles already arrived at Kraksaan. At 17.30, they already held the downtown area. On 22 July morning, the Dutch seized the port of the city. They then set up perimeter near the railway, but met heavy resistance there. At night, Indonesian forces launched a counter-attack that made the Dutch forces pulled back to the port area. On 23 July, the Dutch launched an attack in Ledok Ombo village killing 15 soldiers of Indonesian forces.

Indonesian forces launched small scale attacks to the Dutch defensive posts until early August. They also conducted scorched earth strategy to prevent the Dutch forces utilizing Indonesian facilities and food supply.

The administration of Probolinggo city (kota) and Probolinggo regency (kabupaten) has repeatedly been separated and merged. There was a separation of government of Probolinggo city (kotapraja) and the regency based on Ordonantie dated 20 June 1918. Then, according on Ordonantie of 9 August 1928, the city was abolished and the area was merged again into the regency.

Under the Japanese occupation, the administrations were once again separated. The city (under Japanese rule, the level was called shi) mayor (shico) was Gapar Wiryosudibyo, a middle school teacher, while the regency (ken) regent was Nyais Wiryosubroto. Both Probolinggo (shi and ken) were under an administration of Malang-shu (residency).

During the National Revolution, on 13 August 1948 the city was abolished again and was absorbed into the regency. Then, after the Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence, the city and regency were separated again.

In late Dutch East Indies rule, there were 3 districts in Probolinggo Regency: Probolinggo, Tongas, and Sukapura. Probolinggo District itself was divided into 5 onderdistriks namely Probolinggo, Kanigaran, Wonoasih, Bantaran, and Leces.

Probolinggo Regency now consists of twenty-four districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and population totals from the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 325 rural desa and 5 urban kelurahan - the latter all in Kraksaan District), and its postal codes. Each district has the same name as its administrative centre.

Kode Wilayah	Name of District (kecamatan)	Area in km	Pop'n Census 2010	Pop'n Census 2020	Pop'n Estimate mid 2023	No. of villages	Post codes
35.13.01	Sukapura	102.08	19,571	19,644	19,564	12	67254
35.13.02	Sumber	141.88	26,138	26,038	25,904	9	67263
35.13.03	Kuripan	66.75	29,254	30,196	30,318	7	67262
35.13.04	Bantaran	42.13	40,641	43,150	43,680	10	67261
35.13.05	Leces	36.81	54,703	57,005	57,394	10	67273
35.13.20	Tegalsiwalan	41.74	36,221	36,830	36,818	12	67274
35.13.06	Banyuanyar	45.70	52,206	54,736	55,207	14	67275
35.13.07	Tiris	165.67	63,404	68,524	69,726	16	67287
35.13.08	Krucil	202.53	52,368	56,790	57,842	14	67288
35.13.09	Gading	146.85	48,113	53,338	54,675	19	67292
35.13.10	Pakuniran	113.85	42,244	44,075	44,391	17	67290
35.13.11	Kotaanyar	42.58	35,131	36,559	36,793	13	67293
35.13.12	Paiton	53.28	68,914	67,949	67,598	20	67291
35.13.13	Besuk	35.04	45,658	49,535	50,459	17	67283
35.13.14	Kraksaan	37.80	65,590	68,146	68,551	18	67282
35.13.15	Krejengan	34.43	38,036	40,430	40,940	17	67284
35.13.16	Pajarakan	21.34	33,667	33,936	33,839	12	67281
35.13.17	Maron	51.39	61,864	65,384	66,100	18	67276
35.13.18	Gending	36.61	39,098	41,815	42,419	13	67272
35.13.19	Dringu	31.13	50,737	53,642	54,235	14	67271
35.13.22	Wonomerto	45.67	38,569	40,868	41,346	11	67253
35.13.24	Lumbang	92.71	31,015	32,203	32,388	10	67255
35.13.23	Tongas	77.95	63,623	67,704	68,581	14	67252
35.13.21	Sumberasih	30.25	59,479	64,040	65,091	13	67251
	Totals	1,696.17	1,096,244	1,152,537	1,163,859	330

Notes: (a) excluding the village of Besuk, which has a post code of 67283.
(b) comprises 5 urban kelurahan (Semampir, Patokan, Sidomukti, Kraksaan Wetan and Kandangjati Kulon) and 13 rural desa.
(c) includes the offshore island of Pulau Giliketapang.

Probolinggo Regency has various tourist attractions including Mount Bromo, Madakaripura waterfall, white water rafting at Pekalen River, and also the Jabung Buddhist temple.

The location is about 1 hour from Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park which Pekalen river cuts Probolinggo city. With difficulty up to grade 3+, there are many bat caves and also small waterfalls along the cliff of Pekalen river which are difficult to find at other rivers.

7°44′07″S 113°28′18″E / 7.73528°S 113.47167°E / -7.73528; 113.47167

• Sapto, Ari (2020). Gerilya Republik di Kota Probolinggo 1947-1949 [Republic's Guerrilla in Probolinggo City 1947-1949]. Matapadi. ISBN 978-602-1634-42-4.