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  • 21 Aug, 2019

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Provencher (electoral District)
Provencher is a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1871. It is a largely rural constituency in the province's southeast corner. Its largest community is the city of Steinbach, which makes up 15% of the riding's total population.

Geography

The district is in the most southeastern part of Manitoba.

Demographics

Panethnic groups in Provencher (2011−2021)
Panethnic group 2021 2016 2011
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European 85,500 79.74% 81,390 83.15% 74,400 86.03%
Indigenous 15,825 14.76% 12,560 12.83% 10,140 11.73%
Southeast Asian 2,415 2.25% 1,775 1.81% 845 0.98%
African 1,185 1.11% 830 0.85% 430 0.5%
South Asian 935 0.87% 410 0.42% 195 0.23%
Latin American 485 0.45% 240 0.25% 175 0.2%
East Asian 345 0.32% 345 0.35% 170 0.2%
Middle Eastern 170 0.16% 115 0.12% 0 0%
Other/multiracial 365 0.34% 225 0.23% 120 0.14%
Total responses 107,220 97.97% 97,880 97.93% 86,480 97.56%
Total population 109,445 100% 99,946 100% 88,640 100%
Notes: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.
Demographics based on 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution riding boundaries.
According to the 2011 Canadian census

Languages: 67.7% English, 17.3% German, 10.5% French, 1.2% Russian, 1.1% Ukrainian
Religions: 79.6% Christian (35.8% "Other Christian", 23.6% Catholic, 6.3% United Church, 4.8% Lutheran, 2.5% Anglican, 2.2% Baptist), 19.5% None.
Median income: $29,184 (2010)
Average income: $36,186 (2010)

History

The electoral district was created in 1871, and was one of the four original ridings allocated to Manitoba when it joined the Canadian Confederation in 1870. It is notable for being the riding that elected Louis Riel to the House of Commons as an independent.

Through its history the riding has alternated between representation by the Liberals and Progressive Conservatives (or Conservative Party of Canada).

This riding lost territory to Selkirk—Interlake—Eastman and Portage—Lisgar, and gained territory from Selkirk—Interlake during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Parliament Years Member Party
Provencher
1st  1871–1872     Pierre Delorme Conservative
2nd  1872–1873     George-Étienne Cartier Liberal–Conservative
 1873–1874     Louis Riel Independent
3rd  1874–1875
 1875–1878     Andrew Bannatyne Liberal
4th  1878–1879     Joseph Dubuc Conservative
 1879–1882 Joseph Royal
5th  1882–1887
6th  1887–1889
 1889–1891 Alphonse Alfred Clément Larivière
7th  1891–1896
8th  1896–1900
9th  1900–1904
10th  1904–1908     Joseph Ernest Cyr Liberal
11th  1908–1911 John Patrick Molloy
12th  1911–1917
13th  1917–1921
14th  1921–1925     Arthur-Lucien Beaubien Progressive
15th  1925–1926
16th  1926–1930     Liberal–Progressive
17th  1930–1935
18th  1935–1940     Liberal
19th  1940–1945 René Jutras
20th  1945–1949
21st  1949–1953
22nd  1953–1957
23rd  1957–1958     Warner Jorgenson Progressive Conservative
24th  1958–1962
25th  1962–1963
26th  1963–1965
27th  1965–1968
28th  1968–1972     Mark Smerchanski Liberal
29th  1972–1974     Jake Epp Progressive Conservative
30th  1974–1979
31st  1979–1980
32nd  1980–1984
33rd  1984–1988
34th  1988–1993
35th  1993–1997     David Iftody Liberal
36th  1997–2000
37th  2000–2003     Vic Toews Alliance
 2003–2004     Conservative
38th  2004–2006
39th  2006–2008
40th  2008–2011
41st  2011–2013
 2013–2015 Ted Falk
42nd  2015–2019
43rd  2019–2021
44th  2021–present

Election results


2021 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Ted Falk 24,294 48.7 -17.2 $83,776.96
Liberal Trevor Kirczenow 8,472 17.0 +3.9 $25,158.99
People's Nöel Gautron 8,168 16.4 +14.2 $24,179.71
New Democratic Serina Pottinger 6,270 12.6 -0.2 $0.00
Independent Rick Loewen 1,366 2.7 N/A $0.00
Green Janine G. Gibson 1,272 2.6 -3.4 $1,596.00
Total valid votes/expense limit 49,901 99.5 – $117,118.32
Total rejected ballots 355 0.5
Turnout 50,156 67.4
Eligible voters 74,468
Conservative hold Swing -10.6
Source: Elections Canada
2021 federal election redistributed results
Party Vote %
  Conservative 21,713 48.34
  People's 7,856 17.49
  Liberal 7,413 16.50
  New Democratic 5,487 12.21
  Green 1,150 2.56
  Others 1,302 2.90
2019 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Ted Falk 31,821 65.9 +9.84 $91,792.89
Liberal Trevor Kirczenow 6,347 13.1 -21.56 $13,417.34
New Democratic Erin McGee 6,187 12.8 +7.50 none listed
Green Janine G. Gibson 2,884 6.0 +2.02 none listed
People's Wayne Sturby 1,066 2.2 none listed
Total valid votes/expense limit 48,305 100.0
Total rejected ballots 322
Turnout 48,627 70.5
Eligible voters 68,979
Conservative hold Swing +7.85
Source: Elections Canada
2015 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Ted Falk 25,086 56.06 -14.30 $116,699.56
Liberal Terry Hayward 15,509 34.66 +27.93 $28,135.06
New Democratic Les Lilley 2,371 5.30 -12.87 $4,287.04
Green Jeff Wheeldon 1,779 3.98 +1.01 $6,485.90
Total valid votes/expense limit 44,745 100.00   $216,321.86
Total rejected ballots 169 0.38
Turnout 44,914 69.53
Eligible voters 64,598
Conservative hold Swing -21.11
Source: Elections Canada


Canadian federal by-election, November 25, 2013
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Ted Falk 13,046 58.20 −12.40 $ 83,542.19
Liberal Terry Hayward 6,711 29.94 +23.23 66,455.27
New Democratic Natalie Courcelles Beaudry 1,843 8.22 −9.67 17,878.16
Green Janine Gibson 817 3.64 +0.69 1,074.97
Total valid votes/expense limit 22,417 100.0   –   $ 97,453.98
Total rejected ballots 136 0.60 +0.17
Turnout 22,553 33.85 −27.88
Eligible voters 66,624    
Conservative hold Swing −17.86
By-election due to the resignation of Vic Toews.
Source(s)
"November 25, 2013 By-elections". Elections Canada. November 26, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
"November 25, 2013 By-election – Financial Reports". Retrieved October 29, 2014.

Minister of Public Safety Vic Toews resigned from cabinet and as an MP, effective 9 July 2013, to spend more time with his family and join the private sector.

2011 federal election redistributed results
Party Vote %
  Conservative 24,628 70.36
  New Democratic 6,358 18.16
  Liberal 2,355 6.73
  Green 1,039 2.97
  Others 623 1.78
2011 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Vic Toews 27,820 70.60 +5.95 $70,719.84
New Democratic Al Mackling 7,051 17.89 +4.17 $14,274.04
Liberal Terry Hayward 2,645 6.71 -5.86 $25,938.56
Green Janine Gibson 1,164 2.95 -2.84 $210.00
Christian Heritage David Reimer 510 1.29 -1.95 $8,372.94
Pirate Ric Lim 215 0.55 –  $393.24
Total valid votes/expense limit 39,405 100.0   –   $ 90,198.71
Total rejected ballots 169 0.43 -0.00
Turnout 39,574 61.73 +5.63
Eligible voters 64,104    
Conservative hold Swing +0.89
2008 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Vic Toews 23,303 64.65 -1.03 $67,419
New Democratic Ross Martin 4,947 13.72 +0.01 $6,406
Liberal Shirley Hiebert 4,531 12.57 -3.27 $16,369
Green Janine Gibson 2,089 5.79 +1.02 $1,093
Christian Heritage David Reimer 1,170 3.24 – $10,130
Total valid votes/expense limit 36,040 100.0   –   $87,213
Total rejected ballots 156 0.43 +0.02
Turnout 36,196 58.01 -7.04


2006 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Vic Toews 25,199 65.68 +2.66 $40,862.19
Liberal Wes Penner 6,077 15.84 −9.08 $75,239.46
New Democratic Patrick O'Connor 5,259 13.71 +4.70 $2,266.71
Green Janine Gibson 1,830 4.77 +1.72 $87.31
Total valid votes 38,365 100.00
Total rejected ballots 157 0.41 −0.02
Turnout 38,522 65.05 +5.38
Electors on the lists 59,216
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.
2004 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Conservative Vic Toews 22,694 63.02 +4.99 $70,851.00
Liberal Peter Epp 8,975 24.92 −10.94 $64,895.23
New Democratic Sarah Zaharia 3,244 9.01 +2.90 $1,472.79
Green Janine Gibson 1,100 3.05 – $480.59
Total valid votes 36,013 100.00
Total rejected ballots 155 0.43 +0.07
Turnout 36,168 59.67 −10.36
Electors on the lists 60,617
Percentage change figures are factored for redistribution. Conservative Party percentages are contrasted with the combined Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative percentages from 2000.
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.


2000 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Alliance Vic Toews 21,358 52.76 +17.68 $65,896.75
Liberal David Iftody 14,419 35.62 −4.38 $60,917.43
Progressive Conservative Henry C. Dyck 2,726 6.73 −9.59 $7,780.05
New Democratic Peter Hiebert 1,980 4.89 −3.71 $210.45
Total valid votes 40,483 100.00
Total rejected ballots 148 0.36 −0.10
Turnout 40,631 70.03 +5.09
Electors on the lists 58,020
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.


1997 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Liberal David Iftody 14,595 40.00 −0.82 $61,072
Reform Larry Tardiff 12,798 35.08 −2.09 $42,111
Progressive Conservative Clare Braun 5,955 16.32 +5.43 $60,432
New Democratic Martha Wiebe Owen 3,137 8.60 +1.62 $1,793
Total valid votes 36,485 100.00
Total rejected ballots 170 0.46 +0.13
Turnout 36,655 64.94 −5.61
Electors on the lists 56,442
Percentage change figures are factored for redistribution.
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.
1993 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Expenditures
Liberal David Iftody 16,119 44.04 +11.5 $42,045
Reform Dean Whiteway 13,463 36.78 +33.1 $49,513
Progressive Conservative Kelly Clark 3,765 10.29 −45.2 $48,359
New Democratic Martha Wiebe Owen 1,818 4.97 −2.3 $7,277
National Wes Penner 1,212 3.3 $23,719
Natural Law Corrine Ayotte 157 0.43 +0.1 $12
Canada Party Ted Bezan 69 0.19 – $0
Total valid votes 36,603 100.00
Total rejected ballots 126 0.34 +0.0
Turnout 36,729 69.52 −1.4
Electors on the lists 52,835
Source: Thirty-fifth General Election, 1993: Official Voting Results, Published by the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada. Financial figures taken from official contributions and expenses provided by Elections Canada.
1988 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Jake Epp 19,000 55.5 −2.7
Liberal Wes Penner 11,121 32.5 +12.4
New Democratic Mary Sabovitch 2,490 7.3 −6.8
Reform Lawrence Feilberg 1,246 3.6 –
Confederation of Regions John Wiebe 357 1.0 −5.8
Total valid votes 34,214 100.0
Total rejected ballots 106 0.3
Turnout 34,320 70.9
Electors on the lists 48,385
1984 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Jake Epp 20,077 58.3 +13.3
New Democratic Ron Buzahora 6,941 20.1 -8.3
Liberal Wally Rempel 4,859 14.1 -11.2
Confederation of Regions Ron Bowers 2,347 6.8 –
Libertarian Donald Ives 232 0.7 –
Total valid votes 34,456 100.0
1980 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Jake Epp 14,677 44.9 -6.7
New Democratic Richard Rattai 9,281 28.4 +2.7
Liberal Clare Cremer 8,271 25.3 +2.7
Rhinoceros Lawrence Feilberg 433 1.3 –
Total valid votes 32,662 100.0
lop.parl.ca
1979 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Jake Epp 17,030 51.7 -3.1
New Democratic Richard C. Greenway 8,473 25.7 +5.7
Liberal Howard Loewen 7,459 22.6 -0.1
Total valid votes 32,962 100.0
1974 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Jake Epp 13,405 54.8 +9.4
Liberal Tom Copeland 5,558 22.7 -3.4
New Democratic Jack Feely 4,907 20.0 -5.3
Social Credit Jake Wall 613 2.5 -0.7
Total valid votes 24,483 100.0
1972 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Jake Epp 11,262 45.3 +9.4
Liberal Mark Smerchanski 6,489 26.1 -15.5
New Democratic Alf Chorney 6,304 25.4 +11.2
Social Credit Jake Wall 784 3.2 -5.0
Total valid votes 24,839 100.0
1968 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Mark Smerchanski 9,021 41.6 +2.7
Progressive Conservative Warner Jorgenson 7,791 36.0 -12.1
New Democratic Harry Blake-Knox 3,078 14.2 +10.2
Social Credit Lorne Reznowski 1,773 8.2 -0.7
Total valid votes 21,663 100.0
1965 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Warner Jorgenson 6,470 48.1 +2.0
Liberal Gordon Barkman 5,243 39.0 +2.3
Social Credit Wilbert J. Tinkler 1,195 8.9 -8.3
New Democratic Francis Clement Anderson 542 4.0 –
Total valid votes 13,450 100.0
1963 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Warner Jorgenson 6,729 46.1 +2.6
Liberal Stan C. Roberts 5,351 36.7 -0.4
Social Credit Elie J. Dorge 2,512 17.2 -0.3
Total valid votes 14,592 100.0
1962 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Warner Jorgenson 6,214 43.5 -11.0
Liberal Stan C. Roberts 5,290 37.1 +2.4
Social Credit John P. Loewen 2,504 17.5 +8.6
New Democratic Peter Kruszelnicki 263 1.8 0.0
Total valid votes 14,271 100.0

Note: NDP vote is compared to CCF vote in 1958 election.

1958 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Warner Jorgenson 8,278 54.5 +19.3
Liberal René Préfontaine 5,268 34.7 +1.3
Social Credit Wilbert James Tinkler 1,363 9.0 -20.7
Co-operative Commonwealth Jacob John Siemens 281 1.8 0.0
Total valid votes 15,190 100.0
1957 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Progressive Conservative Warner Jorgenson 4,739 35.2 +13.8
Liberal René Jutras 4,489 33.3 -32.6
Social Credit Hugh M. Campbell 3,992 29.6 +17.0
Co-operative Commonwealth Charles Biesick 246 1.8 –
Total valid votes 13,466 100.0


1953 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal René Jutras 6,632 66.0 +2.9
Progressive Conservative Abram J. Thiessen 2,151 21.4 –
Social Credit Wilbert Tinkler 1,269 12.6 –
Total valid votes 10,052 100.0
1949 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal René Jutras 6,834 63.0 +23.3
Independent Bruce MacKenzie 4,008 37.0 –
Total valid votes 10,842 100.0
1945 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal René Jutras 4,541 39.7 +8.9
Independent Leo Arthur Slater 2,220 19.4 -7.8
Social Credit Paul Prince 1,940 17.0 +10.1
Co-operative Commonwealth Alexander Duncan Miller 1,838 16.1 +9.2
Progressive Conservative Dalton Madill Boyd 894 7.8 -4.0
Total valid votes 11,433 100.0

Note: Progressive Conservative vote is compared to "National Government" vote in 1940 election. Social Credit vote is compared to New Democracy vote in 1940 election.

1940 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal René Jutras 3,768 30.8 -31.9
Independent Leo A. Slater 3,329 27.2 –
Independent Harry Matthew Podolsky 1,765 14.4 –
National Government William Richard Johnston 1,441 11.8 -25.5
New Democracy Albert Banville 1,099 9.0 –
Co-operative Commonwealth Évariste Rupert Gagnon 841 6.9 –
Total valid votes 12,243 100.0

Note: "National Government" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election.


1935 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Arthur-Lucien Beaubien 6,308 62.7 +4.8
Conservative Philippe Bourgeois 3,751 37.3 +8.4
Total valid votes 10,059 100.0


1930 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes %
Liberal–Progressive Arthur-Lucien Beaubien 4,562 58.0
Conservative Joseph-Arthur Belanger 2,274 28.9
Independent Conservative Wasyl Kobzar 715 9.1
Liberal Alexandre Ayotte 321 4.1
Total valid votes 7,872 100.0
1926 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes
Liberal–Progressive Arthur-Lucien Beaubien acclaimed


1925 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes %
Progressive Arthur-Lucien Beaubien 2,736 50.7
Liberal Edmond Comeault 2,656 49.3
Total valid votes 5,392 100.0


1921 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes %
Progressive Arthur-Lucien Beaubien 3,189 47.0
Liberal John Patrick Molloy 2,177 32.0
Independent Albert Prefontaine 1,428 21.0
Total valid votes 6,794 100.0
1917 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Opposition (Laurier Liberals) John Patrick Molloy 2,035 52.4 -1.0
Government (Unionist) John Robert Johns 1,850 47.6 1.0
Total valid votes 3,885 100.0

Note: Unionist vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1911 election.

1911 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Patrick Molloy 3,049 53.3 -1.3
Conservative Joseph Alfred Féréol Bleau 2,668 46.7 +1.3
Total valid votes 5,717 100.0
1908 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Patrick Molloy 2,719 54.6 +4.5
Conservative Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière 2,259 45.4 -4.5
Total valid votes 4,978 100.0


1904 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Joseph-Ernest Cyr 1,896 50.1 +0.9
Conservative Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière 1,886 49.9 -0.9
Total valid votes 3,782 100.0


1900 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière 1,528 50.7 -13.8
Liberal S.A.D. Bertrand 1,484 49.3 +13.8
Total valid votes 3,012 100.0
1896 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes %
Conservative Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière 1,476 64.6
Liberal George Walton 810 35.4
Total valid votes 2,286 100.0
1891 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes
Conservative Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière acclaimed
Canadian federal by-election, 24 January 1889
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
On Mr. Royal being appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the North West Territories
Conservative Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière 797 48.3 -9.8
Unknown Richard 583 35.4 –
Unknown Clarke 269 16.3 –
Total valid votes 1,649 100.0


1887 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes %
Conservative Joseph Royal 1,081 58.1
Independent Liberal Joseph Ernest Cyr 778 41.9
Total valid votes 1,859 100.0
1882 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes
Conservative Joseph Royal acclaimed
Canadian federal by-election, 30 December 1879
Party Candidate Votes %
Conservative Joseph Royal 652 62.6
Unknown John Molloy 269 25.8
Unknown S. Hamelin 121 11.6
Total valid votes 1,042 100.0
Called upon Mr. Dubuc being appointed Puisne Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench for Manitoba.
1878 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes
Conservative Joseph Dubuc acclaimed
By-election on 31 March 1875

On Mr. Riel being unseated and declared an outlaw, 25 February 1875

Party Candidate Votes
Liberal Andrew Bannatyne acclaimed
By-election on 3 September 1874

On Mr. Riel being expelled from the House of Commons, 16 April 1874

Party Candidate Votes
Independent Louis Riel acclaimed


1874 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes %
Independent Louis Riel 195 73.9
Unknown J. Hamelin 69 26.1
Total valid votes 264 100.0
Source: lop.parl.ca
By-election on 13 October 1873

On Sir George-Étienne Cartier's death, 20 May 1873

Party Candidate Votes
Independent Louis Riel acclaimed
1872 Canadian federal election
Party Candidate Votes
Liberal–Conservative George-Étienne Cartier acclaimed
Source: Canadian Elections Database
Canadian federal by-election, 3 March 1871
Party Candidate Votes %
Conservative Pierre Delorme 172 85.6
Liberal William Dease 29 14.4
Total valid votes 201 100.0
Called as a result of Manitoba joining Confederation, 15 July 1870.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  3. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  4. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
  1. ^ Statistics Canada: 2012
  2. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  3. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  4. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  5. ^ "NHS Profile, Provencher, Manitoba, 2011". Statistics Canada. May 8, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  6. ^ "List of confirmed candidates – September 20, 2021 Federal Election". Elections Canada. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
  7. ^ "Transposition of Votes from the 44th General Election to the 2023 Representation Orders". Elections Canada. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  8. ^ "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  9. ^ "Election Night Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  10. ^ Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Provencher, 30 September 2015
  11. ^ Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates
  12. ^ Mas, Susana. "Vic Toews resigns ahead of cabinet shuffle". CBC News. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
  13. ^ Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections
  14. ^ Pirate Party of Canada. "Candidates". Retrieved March 26, 2011.
  15. ^ "Runs as Independent in Provencher Riding". Winnipeg Tribune. November 23, 1921. p. 17. Retrieved September 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ Sayers, Anthony M. "1872 Federal Election". Canadian Elections Database. Archived from the original on February 3, 2024.


49°41′46″N 95°54′36″W / 49.696°N 95.910°W / 49.696; -95.910

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