The province of Vicenza (Venetian: provincia de Vicensa; Italian: provincia di Vicenza) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Its capital city is Vicenza.

The province has an area of 2,722.53 km, and a total population of 865,082 (as of 2017). There are 113 comuni (municipalities) in the province. Towns in the province include Bassano del Grappa, Schio, Arzignano, Montecchio Maggiore, Thiene, Torri di Quartesolo, Noventa Vicentina, Marostica, Lonigo and Valdagno.

Population is unevenly spread throughout the province. More than 60% of the populace resides in densely industrialised areas in the eastern, western, and northern (known as Alto Vicentino) conurbations, as well as the area surrounding Bassano del Grappa. The remaining 40% reside in predominantly rural areas in the southern part of the province (the Colli Berici and Basso Vicentino) or the Asiago plateau.

Economic development in some areas is hindered by industrial and agricultural depression. Towns in the western section such as Valdagno and Montecchio Maggiore suffer from high unemployment, following a decline in steel and textile industries. The Colli Berici and Basso Vicentino remain overwhelmingly agricultural and present high levels of unemployment. The heavily industrial Alto Vicentino area alone accounts for half of the province's GDP.

Federico Faggin, an Italian physicist/electrical engineer principally responsible for the design of the first microprocessor, was born in Vicenza.

There were 116 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province (dati: Istat 01/01/2018):

Pos.	Comune di	Population (ab)	Area (km)	Density (ab/km)	Altitude (m.s.l.m.)
1º	Vicenza	111.620	80,57	1.385	39
2º	Bassano del Grappa	43.481	47,06	924	129
3º	Schio	39.082	66,21	590	200
4º	Valdagno	26.016	50,22	518	230
5º	Arzignano	25.605	34,19	749	118
6º	Thiene	24.309	19,70	1.234	147
7º	Montecchio Maggiore	23.316	30,53	763	72
8º	Lonigo	16.466	49,42	333	31
9º	Malo	14.855	30,53	487	116
10º	Cassola	14.771	12,74	1.159	92

The industrial sector plays a primary role and over the last half century has supplanted the predominant agricultural sector: since the second post-war period, the province has in fact been one of the major interpreters of the remarkable economic and industrial development of the Northeast of Italy. The most important economic activities in the province are textile, tanning, marble extraction, ceramics, furniture, but above all jewelry.

Small and medium-sized enterprises predominate on the territory, making the province of Vicenza one of the most important on a national level, and which have developed, giving rise to mainly 4 industrial districts:

• The leather district in the Chiampo Valley, in Arzignano, Chiampo, Montorso Vicentino, Zermeghedo and Montebello Vicentino,
• The wool and yarn district in the towns of Schio and Valdagno (historically linked to the two large local industries, Lanerossi and Marzotto respectively)
• The goldsmith district in Vicenza, Trissino and Camisano Vicentino
• The electronics district in Vicenza

Other activities typically linked to the territory are:

• The distilleries in Bassano del Grappa, considered the world capital of grappa
• The furniture factories in Bassano del Grappa
• The production of ceramics in Nove and Vicenza

According to the European Environment Agency, in 2023 it was the 362nd most polluted city in Europe (out of a sample of 375 cities) and the third in Italy, after the provinces of Cremona and Padua.

• Calà del Sasso
• Strada delle 52 Gallerie
• Stele of Isola Vicentina

• Official website (in Italian)

• Guide to Outdoor Activities in the Vicenza Province

45°33′N 11°33′E / 45.550°N 11.550°E / 45.550; 11.550