Puncak Jaya Regency is one of the regencies (kabupaten) in the Indonesian province of Central Papua. It is an inland highland regency, lying directly east of Paniai Regency and west of Jayawijaya Regency and Tolikara Regency (including those new regencies which have subsequently been created within the former boundaries of those regencies). As of 2004, it was reported that these four regencies had a population that is 93–97% ethnic Papua; however this included areas which have subsequently been formed into new regencies.

In 2008 an additional regency - simply named Puncak Regency - was created from the western part of the area of Puncak Jaya Regency. The residual Puncak Jaya Regency covers an area of 6,515 km, and had a population of 101,148 at the 2010 Census which increased to 224,527 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2022 was 231,499.

The capital of the regency is Mulia.

According to a 2009 profile in Indonesia's Tempo magazine, Puncak Jaya had sixteen districts (distrik) 147 villages, and 147,000 residents; However this did not take into account the fact that under Law No. 7/2008, eight of these districts had already been removed from Puncak Jaya Regency in 2008 and formed into a separate Puncak Regency in 2008. The 2010 Census revealed a population of 101,148 in the residual Puncak Jaya Regency, which by the 2020 Census had more than doubled to 224,527. It is a difficult ten-hour drive from Wamena (Jayawijaya Regency) to the mostly undeveloped regency. Separatists in the Free Papua Movement are active in the area.

At the 2010 Census, the existing regency comprised eight districts (distrik), tabulated below with their populations at the 2010 Census.

Name of District (distrik)	Pop'n 2010 Census
Fawi	3,420
Mulia	22,278
Mewoluk	5,189
Yamo	13,161
Ilu	18,344
Torere	6,710
Jigonikme	8,040
Tingginambut	24,006

However, by 2018 these had been split to create additional districts, which in 2018 numbered twenty-six, listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2020 Census. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centre, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 302 rural kampong and 3 urban kelurahan), and its postcode. The nineteen new districts created by 2018 are Dagai, Dokome, Gubume, Gurage, Ilamburawi, Irimuli, Kalome, Kiyage, Lumo, Molanikime, Muara, Nioga, Nume, Pagaleme, Taganombak, Waegi, Wanwi, Yambi and Yamoneri; the previous Jigonikme District has ceased to exist.

Kode Wilayah	Name of District (distrik)	Area in km	Pop'n Census 2020	Admin Centre	No. of Villages	Post code
94.02.03	Fawi	1,145	4,320	Fawi	9	98942
94.02.25	Dagai	866	4,033	Dagai	10	98941
94.02.26	Kiyage	492	5,179	Kiyage	8	98943
94.02.01	Mulia	268	32,755	Wuyukwi	11	98915
94.02.14	Yambi	206	9,364	Yambi	9	98917
94.02.13	Ilamburawi	110	6,102	Ilamburawi	5	98912
94.02.12	Muara	137	11,319	Muara	8	98914
94.02.09	Pagaleme	100	12,212	Pagaleme	5	98916
94.02.10	Gurage	162	8,704	Yarmukum	11	98911
94.02.11	Irimuli	159	8,362	Wondengobak	9	98913
94.02.04	Mewoluk	251	8,594	Mewoluk	8	98945
94.02.15	Lumo	258	10,593	Lumo	9	98944
94.02.16	Molanikime	105	4,734	Tiolome	5	98946
94.02.05	Yamo	456	10,503	Yamo	14	98925
95.02.17	Dokome	273	5,103	Dokome	9	98924
94.02.02	Ilu	270	13,393	Wurak	21
94.02.20	Yamoneri	269	9,247	Yamoneri	16	98937
94.02.21	Waegi	212	10,349	Anggutare	19	98936
94.02.06	Nume	143	3,405	Nume	13	98933
94.02.22	Nioga	110	9,321	Nioga	11	98932
94.02.23	Gubume	170	5,793	Gubume	17	98931
94.02.24	Taganombak	98	4,737	Guna	10	98934
94.02.07	Torere	527	4,355	Gubugani	13	98926
94.02.08	Tingginambut	277	8,010	Tingginambut	22	98922
94.02.18	Kalome	179	8,119	Kalome	16	98921
94.02.19	Wanwi	184	5,921	Wonwi	17	98923
	Totals	6,515	224,527		305

Notes: (a) includes two kelurahan - the towns of Wuyukwi and Pagaleme. Note the Pagaleme kelurahan in this district is different from the Pagaleme kampong in Pagaleme District. (b) includes one kelurahan - the town of Wurak.

• Aginilia
• Buguba
• Jebegot
• Lambo
• Mulia
• Mbambawa
• Motorbivak
• Rustoord
• Splitsingbivak
• Tombage

Mulia, the seat of the regency, has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cfb) with cool to pleasant mornings, warm to very warm afternoons, and heavy rainfall year-round.

• Detail maps from Indonesian government, this regency:
  • "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-11. Retrieved 2010-12-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) (includes northern portion)
  • "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-12-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) (includes southern portion, including location of Mulia)
• Statistics publications from Statistics Indonesia (BPS)