Purbalingga Regency (Javanese: ꦥꦸꦂꦧꦭꦶꦁꦒ) is an inland regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) in the southwestern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. Purbalingga Regency has an area of 805.76 km and a population of 848,952 at the 2010 census and 998,561 at the 2020 census, comprising 505,281 male and 493,280 female inhabitants; the official estimate as at mid-2023 was 1,027,333 (comprising 519,734 males and 507,599 females). The administrative capital is the town of Purbalingga.

The term Purbalinga comes from the Sanskrit root words of Hindu origin, purba (east) and linga (an abstract representation of the Hindu deity Lord Shiva), thus meaning the Lord Shiva of East. This reflects the historical origin of the place that the Srivijaya-era or earlier founders of the place had built a Hindu temple of Lord Shiva here in whose honor the place was named by the founder ruling dynasty.

Purbalingga is steeped in the ancient history of the Hindu empires of the Srivijaya and Majapahit eras, with several extant ancient Hindu temples scattered in and around the regency:

• in Tegal Regency
  • Pura Caraka Dewa, Margo Padang, Tarub, Tegal.
  • Pura Segara Suci, Jalan Timor Timur, Martologo, Tegal.
• Nearby in Cirebon Regency
  • Pura Agung Jati Permana, Jalan Bali, No. 4, Cirebon.
  • Pura Jati Permana, Desa Larangan, Rt 3/4, Harjomukti, Cirebon.
  • Pura Jati Pramana, Jalan Ciremai Raya, Cirebon.

Purbalingga Regency comprises eighteen districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census and the 2020 census, together with the official estimates as of mid-2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (a total of 224 rural desa and 15 urban kelurahan - the latter consists of 11 villages in Purlalingga (town) District, 3 in Kalimanah District and 1 in Padamara District), together with its postcode.

Kode Wilayah	Name of District (kecamatan)	Area in km	Pop'n 2010 census	Pop'n 2020 census	Pop'n mid 2023 estimate	Admin centre	No. of Villages	Post code
33.03.01	Kemangkon	48.46	52,260	63,622	66,096	Panican	19	53381
33.03.02	Bukateja	44.96	65,381	78,114	80,709	Bukateja	14	53382
33.03.03	Kejobong	40.14	42,237	50,738	52,507	Kejobong	13	53392
33.03.16	Pengadegan	41.25	35,249	41,046	42,095	Pengadegan	9	53393
33.03.04	Kaligondang	51.44	55,343	65,548	67,556	Kaligondang	18	53391
33.03.05	Purbalingga (capital town)	15.66	55,615	57,580	57,071	Penambongan	13	53311 -53319
33.03.06	Kalimanah	23.24	49,347	57,667	59,203	Selabaya	17	53371
33.03.15	Padamara	17.90	38,698	46,533	48,169	Padamara	14	53372
33.03.07	Kutasari	37.81	54,278	65,235	67,519	Kutasari	14	53361
33.03.14	Bojongsari	44.99	54,874	64,147	64,470	Bojongsari	13	53362
33.03.08	Mrebet	51.43	65,042	77,869	80,505	Mangunegara	19	53352
33.03.09	Bobotsari	35.54	46,593	53,319	54,406	Bobotsari	16	53353
33.03.10	Karangreja	62.01	39,092	46,640	48,171	Karangreja	7	53358
33.03.17	Karangjambu	48.95	23,422	28,078	29,040	Karangjambu	6	53357
33.03.11	Karanganyar	35.21	34,171	40,091	41,206	Karanganyar	13	53354
33.03.18	Kertanegara	36.01	30,177	36,926	38,419	Kertanegara	11	53351
33.03.12	Karangmoncol	71.98	49,790	58,543	60,209	Pekiringan	11	53355
33.03.13	Rembang	98.79	57,385	67,917	69,982	Bantarbarang	12	53356
	Totals	805.76	848,952	998,561	1,027,333	Purbalingga	239

Notes: (a) except the village of Timbang, which has a post code of 53314.
(b) except the village of Penaruban, which has a post code of 53331.
(c) comprises 11 classed as kelurahan (Bancar, Bojong, Kandang Gampang, Kedung Menjangan, Kembaran Kulon, Penambongan, Purbalingga Kidul, Purbalingga Kulon, Purbalingga Lor, Purbalingga Wetan and Wirasana) and 2 as desa.
(d) comprises 3 kelurihan (Kalikabong, Karangmanyar and Mewek) and 14 desa. (e) except the village of Kalikabong, which has a post code of 53321. (f) includes one kelurahan (Karangsentul).

Purbalingga Regency has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with moderate rainfall from July to September and heavy to very heavy rainfall from October to June. The following climate data is for the town of Purbalingga.

• Sudirman, General of the Army and the first commander-in-chief of the Indonesian Armed Forces - one of the most prominent national heroes of Indonesia - was born in Bodas Karangjati village, in the district of Rembang, Purbalingga Regency, on 24 January 1916.
• Indro (Warkop), (born 1958), Indonesian comedian and a member of the Indonesian legendary comedy group Warkop.

• (in Indonesian) Official site of Local Government of Purbalingga Regency