ROXs 12
−2.5 million years.
A multiplicity survey detected a stellar companion to ROXs 12 in 2017, named 2MASS J16262774–2527247, at a projected separation of 5100 AU.
Planetary system
In 2005, one planet was discovered on a wide orbit by direct imaging, was confirmed in 2013 and named ROXs 12 b. The planet's measured temperature is 3100
−500 K. The spectroscopy of the planet was obtained with Keck and Gemini, revealing a low surface gravity and a spectral type of L0 ±2, making this object either a late M-dwarf or an early L-dwarf. The signs of low gravity includes weak alkali absorption and a triangular H-band spectrum shape. The study also found misalignment between the line-of-sight inclinations of ROXs 12A and 2MASS J16262774–2527247. ROXs 12 B is also likely misaligned with its host star. This was interpreted as either formation similar to fragmenting binary stars or ROXs 12B formed in an equatorial disk that was torqued by 2MASS J16262774–2527247. This study also found strong signs of accretion around 2MASS J16262774–2527247 from emission lines, including strong H-alpha emission.
The primary star is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, although it is not very massive, being less than 4 MJ. The secondary star also has a protoplanetary disk, and it is much more massive, equal to 10
−0.87M☉. The disk is inclined to the equatorial plane of the star.
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protoplanetary or debris disk | ? AU | — | — | |||
| b | 16±4 MJ | 210±20 | — | ~0 | — | — |
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protoplanetary disk | 4.1–25.8 AU | — | — | |||
References
- ^ "ROXs 12". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
- ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ Bowler, Brendan P.; Kraus, Adam L.; Bryan, Marta L.; Knutson, Heather A.; Brogi, Matteo; Rizzuto, Aaron C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Liu, Michael C.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Cieza, Lucas A. (2017), "The young substellar companion ROXs 12 B: near-infrared spectrum, system architecture, and spin-orbit misalignment", The Astronomical Journal, 154 (4): 165, arXiv:1708.07611, Bibcode:2017AJ....154..165B, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa88bd, S2CID 119187671
- ^ Kraus, Adam L.; Ireland, Michael J.; Cieza, Lucas A.; Hinkley, Sasha; Dupuy, Trent J.; Bowler, Brendan P.; Liu, Michael C. (2013), "Three Wide Planetary-Mass Companions to FW Tau, ROXs 12, and ROXs 42B", The Astrophysical Journal, 781 (1): 20, arXiv:1311.7664, Bibcode:2014ApJ...781...20K, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/20, S2CID 41086512
- ^ Sheehan, Patrick D.; Wu, Ya-Lin; Eisner, Josh A.; Tobin, John J. (2019), "High Precision Dynamical Masses of Pre-Main Sequence Stars with ALMA and Gaia", The Astrophysical Journal, 874 (2): 136, arXiv:1903.00032, Bibcode:2019ApJ...874..136S, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab09f9, S2CID 119218828
- ^ Wu, Ya-Lin; Bowler, Brendan P.; Sheehan, Patrick D.; Andrews, Sean M.; Herczeg, Gregory J.; Kraus, Adam L.; Ricci, Luca; Wilner, David J.; Zhu, Zhaohuan (2020), "ALMA 0.88 mm survey of disks around planetary-mass companions", The Astronomical Journal, 159 (5): 229, arXiv:2003.08658, Bibcode:2020AJ....159..229W, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab818c, S2CID 213004809
- ^ Ratzka, T.; Köhler, R.; Leinert, Ch. (2005), "A Multiplicity Survey of the Rho Ophiuchi Molecular Clouds", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 437 (2): 611–626, arXiv:astro-ph/0504593, Bibcode:2005A&A...437..611R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042107, S2CID 119464112
