Radom Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of Congress Poland of the Russian Empire.

It was created in 1844 from the merger of the Sandomierz Governorate with Kielce Governorate. Its capital was in Radom (previously a capital of the Sandomierz Governorate).

It was divided into 8 powiats: Kielce, Miechów, Olkusz, Opatów, Opoczno, Radom and Sandomierz.

In 1866 the Kielce Governorate was once again made an independent entity, and thus split off from the Radom Governorate.

• By the Imperial census of 1897. In bold are languages spoken by more people than the state language.

Language	Number	percentage (%)	males	females
Polish	681 061	83.57	336 398	344 663
Yiddish	112 123	13.75	54 524	57 599
Russian	9 581	1.17	7 969	1 612
German	8 755	1.07	4 381	4 374
Ukrainian	1 642	0.2	1 548	94
Romanian	1 343	0.42	1 343	0
Other	430	>0.01	430	154
Persons that didn't name their native language	12	>0.01	10	2
Total	814 947	100	406 449	408 498

51°24′00″N 21°10′00″E / 51.400000°N 21.166667°E / 51.400000; 21.166667