Rathcoole (Irish: Ráth Cúil, meaning 'ringfort of Comhaill or Cumhaill') is an outer suburban village in County Dublin, Ireland, south-west of the city of Dublin, and in the local government area of South Dublin.

Rathcoole is also a civil parish in the Barony of Newcastle.

Ráth is the Irish word for a ringfort, a circular embankment often erected by wealthy farmers or local chiefs. There are several forts in the civil parish of Rathcoole, one in a field between the village and Saggart village. There is no definite explanation for the name "Rathcoole", but it could be Ráth Cumhaill meaning the ringfort of Cumhaill, the father of Fionn mac Cumhaill. Coole may also come from the Irish word for forest, coill.

Rathcoole lies in the southwest "corner" of County Dublin, just off the N7 national primary road, southwest of Citywest and west of Saggart village. Close by to the north are Baldonnel and Casement Aerodrome, home of the Irish Air Corps. Also in this part of the county are Newcastle and, further away, Brittas.

Around Rathcoole are several streams, primarily draining the western end to the Griffeen River but south of the eastern end linking to the River Camac, both tributaries of the River Liffey. Aside from the village core, the area has housing developments such as Beechwood Lawns, located between the main street and the park, Forest Hills, Broadfield Manor to the west, and Peyton to the south.

Like neighbouring Saggart and nearby Newcastle, Rathcoole was on the periphery of the Pale and was the site of many battles with mountain-based rebels, particularly the Byrnes and O'Tooles.

The village had a licence to hold a trading fair three times a year, a tradition that lapsed in the 19th century.

The village was the birthplace in 1765 of the United Irishman Felix Rourke, and another local, a member of the Clinch family of Rathcoole House, was executed after the 1798 rising.

In the late 18th century Rathcoole was composed mainly of mud huts, and as late as the early 20th century it consisted of only one street.

In 1743-45, a new charter school was constructed in the village with the funds from the endowment of Mary Mercer. The school had earlier been located at Mercer's Hospital from the 1720s but this site had later been deemed an unsuitable location to house the girls. The school operated until 1826 when it closed and moved to Castleknock to take over the former Morgan Trust school and merged into The King's Hospital school in 1970. The building was later used as a glebe house for over a century.

As of October 2024, the building it still standing but has been badly damaged by fire.

Rathcoole is home to Rathcoole House, which was part of a wider estate. The house was built in 1750 and initially belonged to the Clinch family, later passing to the Sheils of Coolmine, who owned it from 1831 to 1962. The house had two main floors above ground and five bays, with a kitchen, milling room and stores in the basement, and a hall, dining room and drawing room on the ground floor. Part of the house was demolished in 1933 and was bought in 2013 by a private investor. As of 2019, it is a privately owned residence.

Rathcoole has a well-maintained landscaped park, run by South Dublin County Council, at the eastern end of the village. There is also a community centre which caters for local events and training courses.

There is a small supermarket, a bank and a credit union, and two service stations on the N7. One of Rathcoole's best-known pubs is An Poitin Stil, which is built on the site of an original inn dating back to 1649. The other pubs in the area are Muldowneys, Baurnafea House, and The Rathcoole Inn.

A pub existed for many years a short distance outside the town on the Naas Road (now N7) named The Blackchurch Inn. On 11 November 2019 it was closed temporarily by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland due to high levels of E.coli and coliforms which were found in drinking water and ice samples during an inspection, but re-opened some days later. The pub is closed as of April 2022.

Rathcoole is served by the Dublin Bus route number 69, which runs from here to Dublin city.

The Luas Red Line isn’t far from Rathcoole. The nearest stop is Saggart, which is the western terminus for the red line. It is a 6 minute walk from Rathcoole and a 45 minute journey to Dublin city.

At An Poitín Stil there is a bus stop which is a stop for the "126" which goes from Newbridge to Dublin city.

Near the Avoca there is a bus stop with has a bus called the "W62" which goes from Newcastle to The square in Tallaght

Holy Family Community School at the western end of the village recently celebrated its fortieth anniversary. It is a secondary school for students from Rathcoole and those commuting from the nearby towns of Clondalkin and Tallaght and the villages of Saggart and Brittas. There is also Holy Family National School located at the western end of Forest Hills, and a Gaelscoil, Scoil Chrónáin, in Rathcoole village itself.

The Rathcoole soccer club is Rathcoole Football Club. Commercials Hurling Club, a GAA club, is located just off the Naas Road. The local basketball club is Rathcoole Rockets.

Rathcoole is close to two golf courses: Citywest and Beech Park.

Coolmine Equestrian Centre was established here in 1989, providing horse riding lessons and guided horseback trips. This equestrian centre welcomes international guests here on educational programmes, work experience and holidays. The centre became an Equestrian Academy and is now known locally as CEAD-Ireland. The academy hosts festivals during the summer, with dance, music, pony rides, pet farms, dog shows and equestrian competitions.

• Darragh Ennis, a chaser on ITV's The Chase
• Dermot Kennedy, singer-songwriter
• Paddy Reilly, folk singer and guitarist
• Michelle Smith who won three gold medals and a bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta

Rathcoole is in the Dáil constituency of Dublin Mid-West and in the local electoral area of Clondalkin for election to South Dublin County Council (the local electoral area also covers an area including Clondalkin, Newcastle and Saggart).

• École-Valentin, France officially twinned since 14 April 2000.

• List of towns and villages in Ireland

• Rathcoole Community Centre web site
• Village web site
• Rathcoole Boys Football Club
• Coolmine Equestrian Centre
• Commercials Hurling and Camogie Club