Rauenthal is a town in the Rheingau, in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis, Hesse, Germany. It became part of Eltville in 1977, then officially name Rauenthal (Rheingau). It is known for growing wine.

The bishops of Mainz promoted the cultivation of vineyards in the Rheingau region since the 8th century, first focused on the monasteries Eberbach Abbey and Johannisberg. Rauenthal was first documented on 23 March 1274, when Werner von Eppstein [de], archbishop of Mainz, wrote to the king, Rudolf von Habsburg, that he had brought the village into the Erzstift.

The most prominent building is the Gothic church of St. Antonius [de], built from 1468 to 1491. Christoph Nebel [de] (1690–1769) was priest from 1714 to 1729, and later became auxiliary bishop in Mainz.

Wine from Rauenthal and its wine markets were famous in the 16th and 18th centuries, when the harvest was distributed by northern German and Dutch merchants, by boats on the Rhine or horse carriages. Nobility in Europe appreciated Rauenthal wine; it was named "best wine in the world" at the Pariser Weltausstellung im Jahr 1867.

In 1803 Rauenthal became part of Nassau-Usingen and belonged then to the Amt Eltville [de]. After the annexion by the Prussians the town became part of the Rheingaukreis [de] in the Regierungsbezirk Wiesbaden in 1867. In 1977, the Gebietsreform in Hessen [de], Rauenthal (Rheingau) became part of Eltville on 1 January 1977 together with other towns.

Rauenthal has several vineyards:

• Baiken
• Gehrn
• Langenstück
• Nonnenberg
• Rothenberg
• Wülfen

The name Rauenthaler Steinmächer is a major vineyard which may be sold from Rauenthal, Martinsthal, Eltville, Walluf, Kiedrich and Wiesbaden.

• Philipp Siegfried [de] (1767–1845), farmer and member of the Nassau parliament
• Ingo Schon [de] (born 1976), politician of the CDU and member of the Hessischer Landtag

• Official website
• "Rauenthal / Ortsgeschichte, Infos". www.rauenthal.de. private website. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
• Rauenthal (in German) rheingau.de