Rowley Island is one of the Canadian Arctic islands in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is located in Foxe Basin and has an area of 1,090 km (420 sq mi).

Although the island is uninhabited there is both an unmanned Distant Early Warning Line base, called FOX-1 at 69°04′01″N 079°03′54″W / 69.06694°N 79.06500°W / 69.06694; -79.06500, and an Automated Surface Observing System.

It is named after the arctic explorer Graham Westbrook Rowley.