The Rue du Faubourg-Poissonnière marks the boundary between the 9th and 10th arrondissements of Paris, the main thoroughfare of the old Faubourg Poissonnière district.

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The Rue du Faubourg-Poissonnière owes its name to the fact that it crossed the hamlet located outside the Porte de la Poissonnerie of the surrounding wall drawn in the alignment of the Rue des Poissonniers to the north and the Rue Poissonnière to the south, it formed part of the Chemin des Poissonniers. The faubourg was originally a district "fors le bourg" (from the old French fors, derived from the Latin foris meaning "outside" and from borc meaning "burg" or "town", which became forsborc around 1200, and forbours around 1260).

In the 17th century, the street which appears on the old plans bore the name of "Chaussée de la Nouvelle-France" because it led to the hamlet of Nouvelle-France founded in 1642 on an old vineyard.

It ran along, in its southern part of the boulevard to the large sewer (location since its covering in 1760 of the Rue des Petites-Écuries), the seam of the Filles-Dieu, which extended to the east to the Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis, and, to the north of the Rue de Paradis, the Saint-Lazare enclosure, which also extended to the east to the faubourg Saint-Laurent.

In 1660, it took the name "Rue Sainte-Anne", because of a chapel that had been built there at no. 77 to serve the district of Nouvelle-France. The street took the name "Faubourg-Poissonnière" around 1750.

From 1770, Claude-Martin Goupy speculated in the Faubourg Poissonnière on land sold by the community of Filles-Dieu, of which he was the entrepreneur, playing a key role in the urbanization of the district.

On August 11, 1792, it was near the Poissonnière barrier, in a vast trench dug for this purpose, that 400 to 500 corpses of Swiss Guards killed in the stairs, courtyards and Tuileries garden were thrown haphazardly.

On June 23, 1848, during the Trois Glorieuses, the Poissonnière barrier was the scene of fierce fighting between the insurgents, barricaded in the buildings, and the government troops.

On March 8, 1918, during World War I, a bomb thrown from a German plane exploded at no. 66 rue du Faubourg-Poissonnière. On April 1, 1918, a shell launched by the Paris Gun exploded at no. 54 rue du Faubourg-Poissonnière.

• No. 2: Lycée Edgar-Poe.
• No. 3: location, in the second half of the 19th century, of the Bains du Gymnase, the first Parisian public bath establishment to have been raided by the morality police. The trial of the homosexuals who were arrested there took place in June 1876 (Affaire des Bains du Gymnase) before the Paris Criminal Court.
• No. 4: the vaudevillist Nicolas Brazier lived there in 1831.
• No. 5: house where Colonel La Bédoyère was arrested in 1815, at Madame de Fontry's. This number was then occupied by the newspaper Le Matin.
• No. 9: Jean-Baptiste Buffault lived there.
• At no. 10 was the Alcazar café-concert opened in 1858 and replaced in 1899 by a four-storey commercial building designed by the architects Auguste and Gustave Perret, the first office building built in France.
• At no. 13 was the Hôtel de Sénac de Meilhan.
• At no. 15 was the former Hôtel des Menus-Plaisirs du Roi, where his administration was based, in a vast building that stretched from the Rue Bergère to the Rue Richer today. During the Revolution, the revolutionary section of Faubourg-Montmartre met there. This is where the Convention set up the Music Conservatory in 1795.
• Nos. 15-17: Bergère telephone exchange, also called “Provence”, built in 1911-1914 by the architect François Le Cœur.
• No. 25 was inhabited by Luigi Cherubini during the last years of his life.
• At no. 26 was the Hôtel de Cypierre, since destroyed, built by the architect Jean-Benoît-Vincent Barré for Jean-François Perrin de Cypierre.
• Classified as a historic monument, no. 30, Hôtel Benoît de Sainte-Paulle, also known as "Hôtel Chéret", "Hôtel Akermann" and "Hôtel Ney", built by Nicolas Lenoir in 1773 for François Benoît de Sainte-Paulle, on land acquired in 1172 by Claude-Martin Goupy, architect and speculator behind the creation of the district. The two courtyard wings were built in 1778 by Antoine-François Peyre. From 1779 to 1795, this hotel was the property of Marie-Louise O'Murphy, wife of François Nicolas Le Normand de Flaghac. Under the Empire, it belonged to Marshal Ney. In 1942, the design office of the Société anonyme des factories Farman was housed there, which employed the future General Jacques Collombet there that year, as an engineer. The hotel is now occupied by social housing managed by the property management of the city of Paris.