Sandown Barrack Battery
Context
The 1859 Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom recommended improvements to coastal defences in response to a perceived greater threat of invasion due to the strengthening of the French Navy at that time. The fortifications, a total of 70 forts and batteries, were constructed around the English coast as a result of the commission's findings, representing the largest programme of coastal defence works since the time of Henry VIII. They form a distinctive group in terms of their design and armament. Their construction was very costly, causing the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gladstone, to threaten resignation. They were known by critics as 'Palmerston's follies'.
Construction
Construction took place from 1861 to 1863, costing £6,233. The battery is located atop a 140 ft (43 m) high cliff on the coast just southwest of Sandown. There were concerns raised at an early stage that erosion at the base of the cliff could affect the stability of the parapet wall. The battery was built to a rectangular plan with no wall along the cliff edge, but moats containing Carnot walls to either side and the rear of the battery.
Armament
During its active history from 1863 to 1910, the battery had a variety of armament. The initial five RBL 7 inch Armstrong guns were replaced by five RML 64 pounder 64 cwt guns in 1873. By 1892 three of these guns had been replaced by a pair of RML 10 inch 18 ton guns set back from the cliff edge, after partial reconstruction of the battery. By 1902, after further works that included the construction of underground magazines, the battery had a pair of BL 6 inch Mk VII naval guns and a pair of QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval guns. In 1905 the 12 pounders were taken out of active service, followed by the 6 inch guns in 1910. By 1926, all parts of the guns had been removed and the land had been sold to Sandown town council by 1930.
Current status
The site of the battery now forms part of the Battery Gardens park. It was scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 on 7 September 2000.
Two buildings are being converted to house the National Poo Museum.
References
- ^ Historic England. "Sandown Barrack Battery (1019195)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
- ^ Pryor, F. (2010). The Making of the British Landscape: How We Have Transformed the Land, from Prehistory to Today. Penguin UK. pp. 567–571. ISBN 978-0-14-104059-2.
- ^ Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1869). Reports from Commissioners. Vol. XII. House of Commons of the United Kingdom. p. xxix. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
- ^ Isle of Wight Council (December 2003). "Sandown Bay Regeneration Strategy: Draft Final Report" (PDF). p. 39. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
- ^ "Isle of Wight's National Poo Museum to open loo exhibit". BBC News. 7 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
Publications
- Moore, David, 2010. The East Wight Defences, Solent Papers Number 10, David Moore, Gosport. ISBN 0954845331
