Seine-et-Marne
History
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Seine-et-Marne is one of the original 83 departments created on 4 March 1790 during the French Revolution in application of the law of 22 December 1789. It had previously belonged to the former province of Île-de-France. It is the only original departement in the Île-de-France that has remained unchanged, as both Seine and Seine-et-Oise were abolished and reorganised in 1968.
Geography
Situation
Seine-et-Marne forms a part of the Île-de-France region; the department covers 49% of the region's land area. It is bordered by Val-d'Oise, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-de-Marne, Essonne to the west; Loiret and Yonne to the south; Aube and Marne to the east; and Aisne and Oise to the north. It is served by RER A, RER B, RER D and RER E amongst other services.
Melun is Seine-et-Marne's prefecture. Fontainebleau, Meaux, Provins and Torcy are its subprefectures. The department comprises part of Paris's outer eastern suburbs; much of Charles de Gaulle Airport sits within its far northwestern boundaries, including a majority of the terminals. The department has many natural reserves, notably Brie and Gâtinais. The department's highest point is butte Saint-George (215 m).
Principal towns
The most populous commune is Meaux; the prefecture Melun is the third-most populous. As of 2019, there are 17 communes with more than 20,000 inhabitants. The 10 most populous communes are:
| Commune | Population (2019) |
|---|---|
| Meaux | 55,750 |
| Chelles | 55,154 |
| Melun | 40,844 |
| Pontault-Combault | 37,617 |
| Savigny-le-Temple | 29,987 |
| Bussy-Saint-Georges | 26,597 |
| Villeparisis | 26,580 |
| Champs-sur-Marne | 25,654 |
| Roissy-en-Brie | 22,851 |
| Dammarie-lès-Lys | 22,128 |
Climate
Seine-et-Marne has a temperate Atlantic climate. The average rainfall is based upon that of Fontainebleau, giving an average rainfall of 650 mm (25.6 in), which is higher than the average of Île-de-France: 600 mm (23.6 in). Average temperature in Melun during the 1953–2002 period was 3.2 °C (37.8 °F) for January and 18.6 °C (65.5 °F) for July.
The storm of 26 December 1999 led to five deaths in Seine-et-Marne and caused several trees to fall.
Demographics
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People from Seine-et-Marne are known as the Seine-et-Marnais.
Originally Seine-et-Marne was very rural and lightly populated. Over the past 50 years, however, its population has tripled, due to the development of the Paris conurbation and the building of new towns in the northwest of the region. The population was estimated to be 1,267,496 inhabitants in 2006. The region has changed from consisting only of small villages to forming a large part of the Paris conurbation.
Seine-et-Marne as a whole shares a sister city relationship with Orlando, Florida, United States, as both host Disney theme parks.
| Born in metropolitan France | Born outside metropolitan France | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 86.6% | 13.4% | |||
| Born in overseas France |
Born in foreign countries with French citizenship at birth | EU-15 immigrants | Non-EU-15 immigrants | |
| 1.4% | 2.3% | 3.8% | 5.9% | |
| This group is made up largely of former French settlers, such as pieds-noirs in Northwest Africa, followed by former colonial citizens who had French citizenship at birth (such as was often the case for the native elite in French colonies), as well as to a lesser extent foreign-born children of French expatriates. A foreign country is understood as a country not part of France in 1999, so a person born for example in 1950 in Algeria, when Algeria was an integral part of France, is nonetheless listed as a person born in a foreign country in French statistics. An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants. | ||||
Economy
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With 60 percent of the region used as farmland, Seine-et-Marne is where most agricultural activity occurs within Île-de-France. Cereals and sugar beet are the principal exports from Seine-et-Marne.
The other key industrial structures are the refinery at Grandpuits and the Safran Aircraft Engines research plant at Villaroche. The new town of Marne-la-Vallée is the centre of tourism in Seine-et-Marne in terms of number of visitors, mainly due to the Disneyland Park and Walt Disney Studios Park theme parks at Disneyland Paris.
Politics
Presidential elections 2nd round
| Election | Winning Candidate | Party | % | 2nd Place Candidate | Party | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 56.98 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 43.02 | |
| 2017 | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 63.86 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 36.14 | |
| 2012 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 50.75 | François Hollande | PS | 49.25 | |
| 2007 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 56.25 | Ségolène Royal | PS | 43.75 | |
| 2002 | Jacques Chirac | RPR | 80.64 | Jean-Marie Le Pen | FN | 19.36 | |
| 1995 | Jacques Chirac | RPR | 55.07 | Lionel Jospin | PS | 44.93 | |
Departmental Council of Seine-et-Marne
The Departmental Council of Seine-et-Marne has 46 seats. Councillors are elected for six-year terms (no term limits) across the department's 23 cantons (two per canton). Since 2021, Jean-François Parigi of The Republicans (LR) has served as President of the Departmental Council.
National representation
In the National Assembly, Seine-et-Marne is represented by:
In the Senate, Seine-et-Marne is represented by:
- Anne Chain-Larché (The Republicans), since 2015
- Pierre Cuypers (The Republicans), since 2016
- Arnaud de Belenet (La République En Marche!), since 2017
- Vincent Éblé (Socialist Party), since 2011
- Colette Mélot (Agir), since 2004
- Claudine Thomas (The Republicans), since 2017
Tourism
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Bilboquet rock formation in the forest of Fontainebleau -
Throne Room in the Palace of Fontainebleau -
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The walls of the medieval city of Provins -
Gardens of Vaux-le-Vicomte -
See also
- Cantons of the Seine-et-Marne department
- Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department
- Arrondissements of the Seine-et-Marne department
Bibliography
- Lion, Christian, La Mutuelle de Seine-et-Marne contre l'incendie de 1819 à 1969. Mutualité, assurance et cycles de l'incendie (Bruxelles etc., Peter Lang, 2008).
References
- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
- ^ "Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
- ^ "Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 regions". ec.europa.eu.
- ^ Populations légales 2019: 77 Seine-et-Marne, INSEE
- ^ "Historique de Seine-et-Marne". Le SPLAF.
- ^ "Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
- ^ "Présidentielles".
- ^ "Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département - Politiquemania".
- ^ Nationale, Assemblée. "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblée nationale.
External links
- (in French) Prefecture website
- (in French) Departmental Council website
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