Seraikela Kharsawan district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Seraikela town is the district headquarters of Saraikela Kharsawan district . The district is well known for Seraikela Chhau, one of the three distinctive styles of the chhau dance. This district was carved out from West Singhbhum district in 2001. The district was formed from the princely states of Seraikela and Kharaswan, after the independence of India.

Members of the erstwhile royal family of Seraikella, the Singh Deo family (patrons of the Chhau dance), divide their time between The Palace, Seraikella; a 300-year-old heritage palace and historical landmark and their residences in Odisha, West Bengal and abroad. The last ruler of the Seraikella princely state was Aditya Pratap Singh Deo (grandson of HH Maharaja Udit Narayan Singh Deo) and notables of the era include his sons Tikayet Sahib Nrupendra Narayan Singh Deo, Raja Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo (given in adoption to Patna-Bolangir state, former Chief Minister of Odisha), Patayet Sahib Maharaj kumar Bhoopendra Narayan Singh Deo (leading regional politician who supported the popular tribal anti-merger movement with Bihar) and Rajkumar Sudhendra Narayan Singh Deo (Param-Guru of Chhau, a Padma Shri awardee).

The Singh Deo royal family remains active in public life (political, cultural and religious) and act as guardians to the Ma Paudi temple located within the royal residence, host the annual Chau festival at the Seraikella Royal Palace and retain a hold on the region's real-estate and business. Despite their loss of formal title and privileges, they enjoy public support in the area (comprising the former Seraikella state). Notable members of the royal family who remain active in the public eye include Rajkumar Pratap Aditya Singh Deo, Rajkumar Juga Bhanu Singh Deo, Maharajkumar Jairaj Singh Deo and Rajkumar Rajvikram Singh Deo. The District of Seraikela and Kharsawan was formed on 1 April 2001 after being separated from West Singhbhum.

The district is currently a part of the Red Corridor.

The district is situated between 22°29'26" and 23°09'34" north latitudes and 85°30'14" and 86°15'24" east longitudes.

Several rivers flow across Seraikela Kharsawan district. Among these Subarnarekha, Kharkai, Korkori are the important ones. Chandil dam is one of the popular and famous waterbodies of the district. It is located near the Chandil town.

Seraikela Kharsawan district consists of 09 Blocks. The following are the list of the Blocks in Seraikela Kharsawan district:

1 Seraikela, 2 Kharsawan, 3 Adityapur (Gamharia), 4 Kuchai, 5 Ichagarh, 6 Nimdih, 7 Chandil, 8 Gobindpur (Rajnagar), 9 Kukru

See: List of villages in Seraikela Kharsawan district

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% 1901 190,062 —     1911 212,210 +11.7% 1921 224,453 +5.8% 1931 274,259 +22.2% 1941 327,053 +19.2% 1951 355,319 +8.6%	Year Pop. ±% 1961 413,188 +16.3% 1971 493,874 +19.5% 1981 560,359 +13.5% 1991 707,175 +26.2% 2001 848,850 +20.0% 2011 1,065,056 +25.5%
Source: Census of India

According to the 2011 census Seraikela Kharsawan district has a population of 1,065,056, roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus or the US state of Rhode Island. This gives it a ranking of 428th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 401 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,040/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 25.28%. Saraikela Kharsawan has a sex ratio of 958 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.70%. 24.29% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes collectively account for 40.46% (SC 5.28% and ST 35.18%) of the district's total population. The prominent communities in this group, in terms of the district's total population, are Santal (12.19%), Ho (8.37%), Bhumij (6.38%), Munda (4.22%), Bhuiya (1.88%), Oraon (0.99%), Ghasi (0.98%), Dom (0.82%), Mahli (0.66%), Dhobi (0.49%), Kora (0.28%), Chamar/Mochi (0.28%), Lohra (0.24%), and Kol (0.15%). Other communities such as Mal Paharia, Dusadh, Pan, Bauri, Savar, Kharia, Bedia, Hari/Mehtar/Bhangi, Korwa, Rajwar, Pasi, Gond, and Birhor also have populations ranging between one thousand to a hundred.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 44.01% of the population in the district spoke Bengali as their first Language, 15.62% Santali, 9.65% Ho, 9.48% Odia, 6.98% Hindi, 4.76% Mundari, 2.83% Urdu, 2.7% Bhojpuri and 1.05% Maithili.

The district's official administrative language is Hindi, while Bengali predominates in rural areas. Various tribal languages are spoken across the district, and Odia is the primary language in the western part, historically associated with the former Saraikela State.

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Seraikela Kharsawan one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 21 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

There are three Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district: Ichagarh, Seraikela and Kharsawan. These are parts of Ranchi, Singhbhum and Khunti Lok Sabha constituencies respectively.

District	No.	Constituency	Name	Party		Alliance		Remarks
Seraikela Kharsawan	50	Ichaghar	Sabita Mahato		Jharkhand Mukti Morcha		MGB
	51	Seraikella	Champai Soren		Bharatiya Janata Party		NDA
Seraikela Kharsawan	57	Kharsawan	Dashrath Gagrai		Jharkhand Mukti Morcha		MGB

• Seraikela-Kharsawan district website