The United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois (in case citations, S.D. Ill.) is a federal district court covering approximately the southern third of the state of Illinois.

Appeals from the Southern District of Illinois are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

It has three courthouses, at Benton, Cairo, and East St. Louis. At present, four judges are assigned to this district.

The United States District Court for the District of Illinois was established by a statute passed by the United States Congress on March 3, 1819, 3 Stat. 502. The act established a single office for a judge to preside over the court. Initially, the court was not within any existing judicial circuit, so the district court exercised the jurisdiction of both a district court and a circuit court, with appeals and writs of error taken directly to the United States Supreme Court. In 1837, Congress placed the District of Illinois within the newly created Seventh Circuit, and the district court resumed its normal jurisdiction, 5 Stat. 176.

The Southern District itself was created by a statute passed on February 13, 1855, 10 Stat. 606, which subdivided the District of Illinois into the Northern and the Southern Districts. The boundaries of the District and the seats of the courts were set forth in the statute:

The counties of Hancock, McDonough, Peoria, Woodford, Livingston, and Iroquois, and all the counties in the said State north of them, shall compose one district, to be called the northern district of Illinois, and courts shall be held for the said district at the city of Chicago; and the residue of the counties of the said State shall compose another district, to be called the southern district of Illinois, and courts shall be held for the same at the city of Springfield.

The district has since been re-organized several times. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois was created on March 3, 1905 by 33 Stat. 992, by splitting counties out of the Northern and Southern Districts. It was later eliminated in a reorganization on October 2, 1978 which replaced it with a Central District, 92 Stat. 883, formed primarily from parts of the Southern District, and returning some counties to the Northern District.

The jurisdiction of the Southern District of Illinois comprises the following counties: Alexander, Bond, Calhoun, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Crawford, Cumberland, Edwards, Effingham, Fayette, Franklin, Gallatin, Hamilton, Hardin, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jersey, Johnson, Lawrence, Madison, Marion, Massac, Monroe, Perry, Pope, Pulaski, Randolph, Richland, Saline, St. Clair, Union, Wabash, Washington, Wayne, White, and Williamson. The district was created in 1979. It has jurisdiction over the eastern suburbs of St. Louis and the city of Carbondale.

The United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Illinois represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. The current United States Attorney is Rachelle Crowe, who was sworn in on June 21, 2022.

As of September 23, 2020:

#	Title	Judge	Duty station	Born	Term of service			Appointed by
					Active	Chief	Senior
21	Chief Judge	Nancy J. Rosenstengel	East St. Louis	1968	2014–present	2019–present	—	Obama
22	District Judge	Staci M. Yandle	Benton	1961	2014–present	—	—	Obama
23	District Judge	Stephen P. McGlynn	East St. Louis	1962	2020–present	—	—	Trump
24	District Judge	David W. Dugan	East St. Louis	1960	2020–present	—	—	Trump
16	Senior Judge	John Phil Gilbert	Benton	1949	1992–2014	1993–2000	2014–present	G.H.W. Bush

#	Judge	State	Born–died	Active service	Chief Judge	Senior status	Appointed by	Reason for termination
1	Samuel Hubbel Treat Jr.	IL	1811–1887	1855–1887	—	—	Pierce	death
2	William J. Allen	IL	1829–1901	1887–1901	—	—	Cleveland	death
3	J. Otis Humphrey	IL	1850–1918	1901–1918	—	—	McKinley	death
4	Louis FitzHenry	IL	1870–1935	1918–1933	—	—	Wilson	elevation to 7th Cir.
5	Charles Guy Briggle	IL	1883–1972	1932–1958	1948–1958	1958–1972	Hoover	death
6	James Earl Major	IL	1887–1972	1933–1937	—	—	F. Roosevelt	elevation to 7th Cir.
7	J. Leroy Adair	IL	1887–1956	1937–1956	—	—	F. Roosevelt	death
8	Frederick Olen Mercer	IL	1901–1966	1956–1966	1958–1966	—	Eisenhower	death
—	William George Juergens	IL	1904–1988	—	—	1979–1988	Eisenhower/Operation of law	death
9	Omer Poos	IL	1902–1976	1958–1973	1966–1972	1973–1976	Eisenhower	death
10	Robert Dale Morgan	IL	1912–2002	1967–1979	1972–1979	—	L. Johnson	reassignment to C.D. Ill.
11	James L. Foreman	IL	1927–2012	1979–1992	1979–1992	1992–2012	Nixon/Operation of law	death
12	Harlington Wood Jr.	IL	1920–2008	1973–1976	—	—	Nixon	elevation to 7th Cir.
13	James Waldo Ackerman	IL	1926–1984	1976–1979	—	—	Ford	reassignment to C.D. Ill.
14	William Louis Beatty	IL	1925–2001	1979–1992	—	1992–2001	Carter	death
15	William Donald Stiehl	IL	1925–2016	1986–1996	1992–1993	1996–2016	Reagan	death
17	Paul E. Riley	IL	1942–2001	1994–2001	—	—	Clinton	death
18	G. Patrick Murphy	IL	1948–present	1998–2013	2000–2007	—	Clinton	retirement
19	David R. Herndon	IL	1953–present	1998–2019	2007–2014	—	Clinton	retirement
20	Michael Joseph Reagan	IL	1954–present	2000–2019	2014–2019	—	Clinton	retirement

Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their district court. Unlike the Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the district court judges. To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge.

A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. The age restrictions are waived if no members of the court would otherwise be qualified for the position.

When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status, or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982.

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The United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Illinois is the federal prosecuting office for cases arising in 38 counties in Southern Illinois. The Office is headquartered in Fairview Heights and also has branch offices in Benton and East St. Louis.

• William E. Trautmann 1905-10
• Charles A. Karch 1914-1918?
• James G. Burnside 1918-22
• W. O. Potter 1922-26
• Harold G. Baker 1926-31
• Paul F. Jones 1931-35
• Arthur Roe 1935-42
• Henry Grady Vien 1942-43
• William W. Hart 1943-53
• Clifford M. Raemer 1953-57
• Carl W. Feickert 1957-65
• James R. Burgess, Jr.* (April 1979 – January 1982)
• Frederick J. Hess* (January 1982 – June 1993)
• Clifford J. Proud (June 1993 – November 1993)
• W. Charles Grace* (December 20, 1993 – January 30, 2002)
• Robert J. Cleary (January 30, 2002 – May 29, 2002)
• Laura J. Jones (May 30, 2002 – August 6, 2002)
• Miriam F. Miquelon* (August 7, 2002 – September 1, 2003)
• Richard E. Byrne (September 2, 2003 – November 15, 2003)
• Ronald J. Tenpas* (November 16, 2003 – November 20, 2005)
• Edward E. McNally (November 21, 2005 – March 11, 2006)
• Randy G. Massey (March 12, 2006 – November. 4, 2007)
• Courtney Cox (November 5, 2007 – August 26, 2010)
• Stephen R. Wigginton* (August 27, 2010 – December 11, 2015)
• James L. Porter (December 12, 2015 – July 7, 2016)
• Donald S. Boyce (July 8, 2016 – July 22, 2018)
• Steven D. Weinhoeft (July 23, 2018 – June 21, 2022)
• Rachelle Aud Crowe* (June 21, 2022 – present)

(*) Presidential appointment

• Courts of Illinois
• List of current United States district judges
• List of United States federal courthouses in Illinois

• United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois Official Website
• United States Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois Official Website

38°37′26″N 90°09′23″W / 38.6238°N 90.1565°W / 38.6238; -90.1565