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  • 21 Aug, 2019

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Special Operations Division (Bundeswehr)

The Rapid Forces Division (German: Division Schnelle Kräfte), formerly Special Operations Division (Division Spezielle Operationen), is an airborne division of the German Army that was activated in 2001 and received its current designation in 2014.

Its headquarters staff is based at Stadtallendorf. It was created as 1st Airborne Division (1. Luftlandedivision) in 1956 and reflagged twice in 1994 and 2001 as Airmobile Forces Command/4th Division (Kommando Luftbewegliche Kräfte/4. Division), Special Operations Division and eventually Rapid Forces Division. The division leads three combat brigades and special forces troops, all of which are fully air-mobile.

In June 2014, the Dutch 11th Air Mobile Brigade was fully integrated into the division as part of the binational military cooperation between Germany and the Netherlands and in 2017 the Romanian 81st Mechanized Brigade followed suit.

History

Created in 1956, 1st Airborne Division's main tasks were to act as the backbone of counterattacks behind the enemy lines of the Warsaw Pact and to respond to hostile breaks through allied front lines. The very first commanders of this unit were illustrious paratrooper generals such as Bern von Baer and Hans Kroh, both recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The 1st Airborne Division existed throughout the Cold War and was disbanded in 1994. The capability for air-transportable forces was eventually replaced by Airmobile Forces Command/4th Division, a division-sized formation the duties of which shifted to more complex scenarios of current days.

This happened mainly because of two incidents in 1994 and 1997 where German citizens had to be rescued from Rwanda and Albania, once even by foreign troops as the German military lacked adequate forces to carry out evacuation operations on their own. One of the three existing brigades (Airborne Brigade 25 "Black Forest") was drawn on to provide the headquarters for the German Army's new special forces unit, the Kommando Spezialkräfte.

The first overseas deployment of this division took place in 1961 when its troops rendered humanitarian assistance to Morocco after a devastating earthquake. From there on 1st Airborne Division or its successors deployed troops to Somalia, Croatia, Albania, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan and Congo. The paratroopers saw extensive action in Afghanistan. With four of the nation's highest awards for gallantry—among others—having been awarded to its members, the division's Paratrooper Battalion 263 is the most decorated unit of the German Army.

Following the restructuring of the German armed forces, the Special Operations Division was transferred into the new Rapid Forces Division (German: Division Schnelle Kräfte).

In June 2014 the 11 Luchtmobiele Brigade (11th Airmobile Brigade) of the Royal Netherlands Army joined the division. The Dutch forces will remain stationed in the Netherlands but will cooperate in training and exercises of their German counterparts.

Organization

Rapid Forces Division organization 2023 with integrated Dutch units

Geographic Distribution

1 Airborne Brigade
1 Airborne Brigade
260 Engineer
260 Engineer
26 Parachute
26 Parachute
31 Parachute
31 Parachute
310 Recon 270 Engineer
310 Recon
270 Engineer
Rapid Forces Division
260 Recon
260 Recon
230 Mtn Recon
230 Mtn Recon
231 Mtn Inf
231 Mtn Inf
232 Mtn Inf
232 Mtn Inf
233 Mtn Inf
233 Mtn Inf
8 Mtn Eng.
8 Mtn Eng.
8 Mtn Supply
8 Mtn Supply
Helicopter Command
Helicopter Command
10 Helicopter
10 Helicopter
30 Helicopter
30 Helicopter
36 Helicopter
36 Helicopter
Locations of the army's units:
Units: Paratroopers Gebirgsjäger (Mountain infantry) Special Forces Reconnaissance Engineers Army Aviation Logistics

References

  1. ^ "Germany, Romania and the Czech Republic deepen defence ties". NATO. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  2. ^ "Division Schnelle Kräfte" (in German). German Army. 14 July 2014. Archived from the original on March 1, 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  3. ^ "11 Luchtmobiele Brigade" (in Dutch). Dutch Army. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  4. ^ "Starkes Zeichen für gemeinsame Verantwortung in Europa" [A strong Sign for joint Responsibility in Europe] (in German). Federal Ministry of Defence. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  5. ^ "11 Luchtmobiele Brigade". Royal Netherlands Army. 16 September 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  6. ^ "German Army: Special Operations Forces (Kommando Spezialkräfte)". Bonn: Federal Ministry of Defence: Bundeswehr (Federal Armed Forces of Germany). 2023. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  7. ^ "Kommando Hubschrauber". Deutsches Heer. Retrieved 21 April 2021.

49°00′24.66″N 12°07′22.07″E / 49.0068500°N 12.1227972°E / 49.0068500; 12.1227972