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  • 21 Aug, 2019

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Struve 2398
Struve 2398 (Gliese 725) is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Draco. Struve 2398 is star number 2398 in the Struve Double Star Catalog of Russian-German astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve. The astronomer's surname, and hence the star identifier, is sometimes indicated by a Greek sigma, Σ; hence, this system can be listed with the identifier Σ 2398. Although the components are too faint to be viewed with the naked eye, this star system is among the closest to the Sun. Parallax measurements by the Gaia spacecraft give them an estimated distance of 11.5 light-years (3.5 parsecs) away.

Both stars are small red dwarfs, with each having around a third the Sun's mass and radius. They each display the type of variability common to flare stars, and their active surfaces are sources of X-ray emission. They are orbiting with a period of about 871 years, at a separation of about 63 astronomical units with an orbital eccentricity of 0.29.

The pair has a relatively high proper motion of 2.2 arc seconds per year. The system is on an orbit through the Milky Way that has an eccentricity of 0.05, carrying them as close as 8 kpc and as far as 9 kpc from the Galactic Center. The plane of their galactic orbit carries them as far as 463−489 pc away from the galactic plane.

Planetary system

Struve 2398 A is known to host one planet, a likely super-Earth discovered in 2024 using the radial velocity method. This planet has a minimum mass 2.8 times that of Earth, and has a close orbit with a period of 11 days; it is too close to its star to be in the habitable zone. TESS observations show that the planet likely does not transit its host star.

Struve 2398 B may also host planets. In 2016, an Earth-mass planet candidate on a 2.7-day orbit was proposed around Struve 2398 B based on radial velocity observations, although this could not be confirmed as a periodic signal.

The Struve 2398 A (Gliese 725 A) planetary system
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b ≥2.78±0.35 M🜨 0.068±0.001 11.2201±0.0051 — — —

References

  1. ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ^ Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara; et al. (April 2012). "Metallicity and Temperature Indicators in M Dwarf K-band Spectra: Testing New and Updated Calibrations with Observations of 133 Solar Neighborhood M Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 748 (2): 93. arXiv:1112.4567. Bibcode:2012ApJ...748...93R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/748/2/93. S2CID 41902340. See Table 3.
  3. ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  4. ^ Mann, Andrew W.; et al. (May 2015), "How to Constrain Your M Dwarf: Measuring Effective Temperature, Bolometric Luminosity, Mass, and Radius", The Astrophysical Journal, 804 (1): 38, arXiv:1501.01635, Bibcode:2015ApJ...804...64M, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/64, S2CID 19269312, 64.
  5. ^ Cortés-Zuleta, P.; Boisse, I.; Ould-Elhkim, M.; Wilson, T. G.; Larue, P.; Carmona, A.; Delfosse, X.; Donati, J.-F.; Forveille, T.; Moutou, C.; Cameron, A. Collier; Artigau, É; Acuña, L.; Altinier, L.; Astudillo-Defru, N. (2025-01-01). "GI 725A b: A potential super-Earth detected with SOPHIE and SPIRou in an M dwarf binary system at 3.5 pc". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 693: A164. arXiv:2411.09506. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451646. ISSN 0004-6361.
  6. ^ Pineda, J. Sebastian; Youngblood, Allison; France, Kevin (September 2021). "The M-dwarf Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample. I. Determining Stellar Parameters for Field Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 918 (1): 23. arXiv:2106.07656. Bibcode:2021ApJ...918...40P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0aea. S2CID 235435757. 40.
  7. ^ Donati, J.-F.; Lehmann, L. T.; et al. (October 2023). "Magnetic fields and rotation periods of M dwarfs from SPIRou spectra". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 525 (2): 2015–2039. arXiv:2307.14190. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.525.2015D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2301.
  8. ^ Reiners, Ansgar; et al. (April 2012), "A Catalog of Rotation and Activity in Early-M Stars", The Astronomical Journal, 143 (4): 15, arXiv:1201.5774, Bibcode:2012AJ....143...93R, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/143/4/93, S2CID 118425326, 93.
  9. ^ Pettersen, B. R. (1991), "The nearby flare stars", Società Astronomica Italiana, Memorie, 62: 217–242, Bibcode:1991MmSAI..62..217P.
  10. ^ Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Fleming, T. A.; Giampapa, M. S. (September 1995). "The X-ray view of the low-mass stars in the solar neighborhood". The Astrophysical Journal. 450 (9): 392–400. Bibcode:1995ApJ...450..392S. doi:10.1086/176149.
  11. ^ Allen, C.; Herrera, M. A. (1998), "The galactic orbits of nearby UV Ceti stars", Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica, 34: 37–46, Bibcode:1998RMxAA..34...37A.
  12. ^ Berdiñas, Z. M.; Amado, P. J.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Barnes, J. (2016), "High-cadence spectroscopy of M dwarfs – I. Analysis of systematic effects in HARPS-N line profile measurements on the bright binary GJ 725A+B", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 459 (4): 3551–3564, arXiv:1604.05312, Bibcode:2016MNRAS.459.3551B, doi:10.1093/mnras/stw906
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