Sudan is a city in Lamb County in Texas, United States. Its population was 940 at the 2020 census.

According to The Handbook of Texas, the area where the town is now located was once granted to the county in 1892 by the 77 Ranch, owned by S.B. Wilson and Wilson Furneaux. The town developed in 1917–1918 with a hotel and service from the Santa Fe railroad, which had built a branch line from Lubbock, Texas, to Texico, New Mexico, in 1913. The land company manager and first postmaster, P.E. Boesen, suggested the town's name in 1918. A gin was built in 1922 and a bank established a year later. The town was incorporated in 1925, when the population was 600, up from a population of only 15 in 1920. The first of several grain elevators was also erected in 1925 and the Sudan News began publication. The population was 1,014 in 1930, 1,336 in 1950, 976 in 1970, and 1,091 in 1980. In 1990, it was 983. The population reached 1,039 in 2000.

Sudan is located at 34°04′04″N 102°31′28″W / 34.06778°N 102.52444°W / 34.06778; -102.52444 (34.0678644, –102.5243624).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.9 square miles (2.3 km), all of it land.

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1930	1,014		—
1940	974		−3.9%
1950	1,348		38.4%
1960	1,235		−8.4%
1970	976		−21.0%
1980	1,091		11.8%
1990	983		−9.9%
2000	1,039		5.7%
2010	958		−7.8%
2020	940		−1.9%
U.S. Decennial Census

Sudan racial composition
(NH = Non-Hispanic)

Race	Number	Percentage
White (NH)	468	49.79%
Black or African American (NH)	23	2.45%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH)	2	0.21%
Some other race (NH)	4	0.43%
Mixed/multiracial (NH)	12	1.28%
Hispanic or Latino	431	45.85%
Total	940

As of the 2020 United States census, 940 people, 454 households, and 345 families were residing in the city.

As of the census of 2000, 1,039 people, 410 households, and 293 families resided in the city. The population density was 1,145.3 inhabitants per square mile (442.2/km). The 460 housing units averaged 507.1 per square mile (195.2/km). The racial makeup of the city was 74.11% White, 5.39% African American, 0.19% Native American, 18.86% from other races, and 1.44% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 29.93% of the population.

Of the 410 households, 33.2% had children under 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were not families. About 26.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city, the population was distributed as 28.8% under 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,736, and for a family was $37,679. Males had a median income of $30,288 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,727. About 14.5% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.9% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.

The City of Sudan is served by the Sudan Independent School District.

Sudan High School has been designated a U.S. Department of Education National Blue Ribbon School. Sudan ISD is also a Texas Education Agency Exemplary ranked campus, and has received multiple Bronze designations in U.S. News & World Report's annual "America's Best High Schools" feature. Sudan High School continues to have success in both curricular and extracurricular events and has won numerous state championships in both sports and academics.

• Vendyl Jones (1930–2010), Noahide scholar who directed archaeological searches for artifacts such as the Ark of the Covenant, an inspiration for the movie character "Indiana Jones"
• Taylor Whitley (1980–2018), NFL player for the Miami Dolphins, Denver Broncos, and Washington Redskins

• Sudan
• Earth, Texas
• Llano Estacado
• Plant X

• Official website
• Handbook of Texas: Sudan, TX
• Public domain images of the Llano Estacado and West Texas