Surxondaryo Region (Uzbek: Surxondaryo viloyati, Сурхондарё вилояти, Russian: Сурхандарьинская область, Persian: سرخان‌دریا, UniPers: "sorxāndaryā"), old spelling Surkhandarya Region is a region (viloyat) of Uzbekistan, located in the extreme south-east of the country. Established on March 6, 1941, it borders on Qashqadaryo Region internally, and Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan externally, going anticlockwise from the north. It takes its name from the river Surxondaryo, that flows through the region. It covers an area of 20,100 km². The population is estimated at 2,743,201 (beginning of 2022 data), with 80% living in rural areas. According to official data, 83% of the population are Uzbeks and 12,5% Tajiks, but several sources argue that the Tajik population might be significantly higher in this region (Bitter debates accompanied the Soviet allocation of Surkhandarya Region to the Uzbek SSR rather than the Tajik SSR in 1929, as that region, as well as the areas of Bukhara and Samarkand, had sizable, if not dominant, Tajik populations) , as well as in Samarkand and Bukhara. The highest point of the Region and also of Uzbekistan is Khazrati Sulton peak reaching 4,643 m/15,233 ft in Gissar Range.

The regional capital is Termez with a population of 122,900 (2021), and the second largest city is Denov (Denau) with 69,500 inhabitants (data for 2005). Other towns include Boysun, Jarqoʻrgʻon, Qumqoʻrgʻon, Shargʻun, Sherobod, Shoʻrchi, and Sariosiyo.

The climate is continental, with mild wet winters and hot dry summers. The southern part of the region is in the Badkhiz-Karabil semi-desert ecoregion (PA0808), characterized by a savanna of pistachio and desert sedge. The northern portion is characterized by open woodlands (Gissaro-Alai open woodlands ecoregion, PA1306), with characteristic plants being pistachio, almond, walnut, apple, and juniper. Sagebrush is common at lower elevations

Natural resources include petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Light industry, mainly cotton ginning and food processing, is also an important part of the regional economy, particularly in the production of consumer goods. Agriculture is based primarily on cotton and cereals, supplemented with horticulture and viticulture. Surxondaryo is the country's largest supplier of long-fiber cotton. Livestock accounts for 40% of regional agricultural product. The climatic conditions of this region also make it possible to cultivate subtropical crops such as sugarcane.

The region has a well-developed transport infrastructure, with 300 km of railways and 2,700 km of surfaced roads. Central Asia's only river port is located at Termez on the Amudarya River.

History

Bitter debates accompanied the Soviet allocation of Surkhandarya Region to the Uzbek SSR rather than the Tajik SSR in 1929, as that region, as well as the areas of Bukhara and Samarkand, had sizable, if not dominant, Tajik populations.

Districts

The Surxondaryo Region consists of 14 districts (listed below) and one district-level city: Termez.

	District name	District capital
1	Angor District	Angor
2	Bandixon District	Bandixon
3	Boysun District	Boysun
4	Denov District	Denov (Denau)
5	Jarqoʻrgʻon District	Jarqoʻrgʻon
6	Qiziriq District	Sariq
7	Qumqoʻrgʻon District	Qumqoʻrgʻon
8	Muzrabot District	Xalqobod (Khalkabad)
9	Oltinsoy District	Qarluq
10	Sariosiyo District	Sariosiyo
11	Sherobod District	Sherobod
12	Shoʻrchi District	Shoʻrchi
13	Termiz District	Uchqizil
14	Uzun District	Uzun

There are 8 cities (Termez, Boysun, Denov, Jarqoʻrgʻon, Qumqoʻrgʻon, Shargʻun, Sherobod, Shoʻrchi) and 112 urban-type settlements in the Surxondaryo Region.

Agriculture (2005 data)

Agriculture accounts for 42% of total employment in Surxondaryo Region and produces 8% of Uzbekistan’s agricultural output. Agricultural production is 56% crops and 44% livestock (like the country’s average). Milk yields are less than 1,700 kg per cow per year, on a par with the national average.

Main characteristics of agriculture in Surxondaryo Region

	Surxondaryo	Percent of national total
Sown area	278,100 ha	8
Cereals	45%	8
Cotton	45%	8
Potatoes, vegetables	5%	7
Feed crops	5%	5
Fruit orchards	12,600 ha	6
Vineyards	8,400 ha	6
Cattle	531,100 head	8
Cows	241,900 head	9
Sheep, goats	1,253,500 head	11

Gallery

• 
  Two different streams flow into one (a healing spring and the river itself in blue)
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  Market at the foot of Khujaypok
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  Healing bath from a hydrogen-chloride source. Treats infectious skin diseases and difficult to heal wounds
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  The Khujaypok river