Târnava (German: Grossprobtsdorf; Hungarian: Nagyekemező) is a commune located in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Colonia Târnava (Nagyekemezőtelep) and Târnava (formerly Proștea Mare). The route of the Via Transilvanica long-distance trail passes through the village of Târnava.

The commune is situated on the Transylvanian Plateau. It lies on the banks of the river Târnava Mare, in the northern part of the county, right in between the city of Mediaș and the town of Copșa Mică.

At the 2011 census, 64.6% of inhabitants were Romanians, 31.5% Roma, 2.7% Hungarians and 1.1% Germans.

Târnava is crossed by National Road DN14 [ro], which connects the county seat, Sibiu, to Sighișoara in Mureș County. There is also a train station that serves Line 300 of the CFR network, which connects Bucharest with the Hungarian border near Oradea.