Teatro Flavio Vespasiano
History
Precursors
The first information about the presence of a theatre in Rieti dates to the XV - XVI centuries, with confraternities organizing plays in main city squares.
At the end of the 1500s, the need to organize plays in closed and sheltered settings lead to Teatro dell'Accademia del Tizzone, located in via Terenzio Varrone, in a former hospital.
Nevertheless, places used as theatres were too small; for this reason between 1765 and 1768, the building was demolished and replaced with Teatro dei Condomini. This new building was made of wood and was wider than the previous, making it the first real theatre in Rieti.
Design and construction
At the beginning of the 1800s people in Rieti felt the need to build a bigger and grounder theatre, both for the increasing number of spectators and for the will to make a building of greater architectural renown. The city wanted a building to compete with the counterparts built in the rest of Italy.
In 1838 the architect Luigi Poletti made an initial design, imagining a structure in piazza Oberdan. The idea got set aside and the project was entrusted to the architect Vincenzo Ghinelli. Ghinelli designed an area in via Garibaldi for the building.
Due to high costs, in 1859 city's bank (Cassa di Risparmio di Rieti) was involved. In 1867 municipality took over the works entrusting them to the architect Achille Sfondrini, who already designed Teatro Costanzi di Roma.
Deciding a name proved to be a hard task as well. One faction asked the theatre to be named after the composer from Rieti Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni; the other faction asserted the former composer to be too clerical, thus proposing the name of the roman emperor Titus Flavius Vespasian. Eventually, the latter won.
A law in 1882 condemned buildings made of wood because too dangerous. This law raised the need for a new theatre much more pressing as the older Teatro dei Condomini closed. As a consequence, 16 December 1883 saw the lay of the foundation stone.
The building was erected quickly and was completed in 1885. Interior decoration took much more time. In 1893, a road connection between the back side of the theatre and the underlying piazza Oberdan was built. The road connection consists of two ramps and it is nicknamed "pincetto" after Rome's pincio ramp.
Works completed the same year, with theatre opening on 20 September 1893 with a double bill of Gounod's Faust and Pietro Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana.
Activity
After just five years after opening, an earthquake in Rieti damaged the theatre, making collapse the dome and part of the façade. With the collapse, the painting on the dome by Giuseppe Casa was destroyed. Within a few years, the theatre was fixed and newly working. The dome got a new painting made in tempera in 1901 by Giulio Rolland.
During World War II, the excavation of an air raid shelter caused the cave-in of the foundation and so it caused severe damage to the theatre itself. Due to low inflow, it was used as a movie theatre during the post-war.
In memory of the holocaust, celebrating the siege of Jerusalem and its perpetrator Vespasian seemed inopportune. For this reason, both naming and internal works' themes were questioned. The anti-fascist city mayor Angelo Sacchetti Sassetti demanded the theatre be named after Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni and the hiding of both dome and curtain. Nevertheless, the city hall council rejected his demands as well as his resignation. Eventually, Sacchetti Sassetti himself changed his mind.
At the end of the nineties, the theater has been restored; making the façades respectable again.
Due to new safety regulations, some of the spaces designed for public events were closed. After four years of work to make the spaces compliant, on 10 January 2009 it was opened again with an inaugural concert performed by Opera studio of Accademia nazionale di Santa Cecilia and directed by Marcello Rota. During the event, four solo artists performed: sopranos Karina Grigoryan and Jessica Pratt, mezzo-soprano Anna Goryachova, and baritone Roman Burdenko. Among the audience, there was the Undersecretary of State to the Presidency of the Council Gianni Letta, and senator Franco Marini. Along with compliance works, golds and stuccos were restored. In total, the work cost was € 3.3mln.
In 2009 comune di Rieti approved works for creating space designed for theatre play production on the theatre's west side. Such works, still in progress, will enable the theatre not just for play but for production as well.
More works, financed by regione Lazio in 2016, will allow recover of sala degli specchi and places where circolo di lettura was located. Such work did not start yet.
Description
Exterior
From the outside, the theatre looks hidden by surrounding buildings. Because of that, it is impossible to contemplate it in its entirety. For the exterior, Sfondrini used Teatro Costanzi as a model.
The south-facing façade is on via Garibaldi, one of the arterial roads of the old town. Due to its proximity to Palazzo Vincenti Mareri , located on the other side of the road, the theatre can be observed only from a quasi-lateral position. In a renaissance revival style, it is composed of two orders of round arches alternated with lesene.