^The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the coefficients for each crystal axis (at 20 °C) are αah = 11.26×10/K, αch = 16.74×10/K, and αaverage = αvolume/3 = 13.09×10/K.
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
^ Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN978-1-62708-155-9.
^Bi(0) state exists in a N-heterocyclic carbene complex of dibismuthene; see Deka, Rajesh; Orthaber, Andreas (May 6, 2022). "Carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth: origin, evolution and future prospects". Royal Society of Chemistry. 51 (22): 8540–8556. doi:10.1039/d2dt00755j. PMID35578901. S2CID248675805.
^Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN0-8493-0464-4.
This template adds an automatically generated short description (chemical elements). If the automatic short description is not optimal, replace it by adding {{Short description}} at the top of the article.
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ionization energy ref
Parameters with a .. comment suffix are added to the end of a data line, with a space added. Comments are reproduced without formatting additions (no brackets, no italics, ...):
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ref=|atomic radius calculated comment=|covalent radius=|covalent radius ref=|covalent radius comment=|Van der Waals radius=|Van der Waals radius ref=|Van der Waals radius comment=<!-- Miscellanea -->|crystal structure=|crystal structure prefix=|crystal structure ref=|crystal structure comment=|lattice constant=|crystal structure 2=|crystal structure 2 prefix=|crystal structure 2 ref=|crystal structure 2 comment=|lattice constant 2=|speed of sound=|speed of sound ref=|speed of sound comment=|speed of sound rod at 20=|speed of sound rod at 20 ref=|speed of sound rod at 20 comment=|speed of sound rod at r.t.=|speed of sound rod at r.t. ref=|speed of sound rod at r.t. comment=|thermal expansion=|thermal expansion ref=|thermal expansion comment=|thermal expansion at 25=|thermal expansion at 25 ref=|thermal expansion at 25 comment=|thermal conductivity=|thermal conductivity ref=|thermal conductivity comment=|thermal conductivity 2=|thermal conductivity 2 ref=|thermal conductivity 2 comment=|thermal diffusivity=|thermal diffusivity ref=|thermal diffusivity comment=|electrical resistivity=|electrical resistivity unit prefix=|electrical resistivity ref=|electrical resistivity comment=|electrical resistivity at 0=|electrical resistivity at 0 ref=|electrical resistivity at 0 comment=|electrical resistivity at 20=|electrical resistivity at 20 ref=|electrical resistivity at 20 comment=|band gap=|band gap ref=|band gap comment=|Curie point K=|Curie point ref=|Curie point comment=|magnetic ordering=|magnetic ordering ref=|magnetic ordering comment=|tensile strength=|tensile strength ref=|tensile strength comment=|Young's modulus=|Young's modulus ref=|Young's modulus comment=|Shear modulus=|Shear modulus ref=|Shear modulus comment=|Bulk modulus=|Bulk modulus ref=|Bulk modulus comment=|Poisson ratio=|Poisson ratio ref=|Poisson ratio comment=|Mohs hardness=|Mohs hardness ref=|Mohs hardness comment=|Mohs hardness 2=|Mohs hardness 2 ref=|Mohs hardness 2 comment=|Vickers 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As of 7 Jan 2023, the "Main isotopes of <element>" tabular list will be read directly from the Isobox: "Infobox <element> isotopes". For example, {{Infobox uranium}} will read the table live from {{Infobox uranium isotopes}}.
The headerbar provides View-Edit links to that Isobox.
As of 1 Jan 2023, elements E119 and higher are not discovered. These are called theoretical elements. They can have article and other content pages though. Incidentally, this concerns period 8 completely. For the Infobox <element>, their redirected pages do not count (are treated as: "R page does not exist").
Possible situations regarding articles & discovery, are:
"E118": E1–E118, discovered, existing full set, mentioned here for easy reference
"E127, E185": E123, E125, E127 ...Unbitrium Redirect: no article, no other content pages.
Creation of pages is governed by MOS:NONEWELEMENTS. This infobox must distinguish between three typical (exemplary) elements: E118 (regular element), E119 and E121.
Handling of these element infoboxes is hardcoded in the meta-infobox, set by |number= (Z).
Theoretical element: above-header shows
Theoretical element
Applied: when element is theoretical (E119 and higher).
No article "Isotopes of <element>": Header does not link
As of 4 Jan 2023, conforms MOS:no new elements (no idle pages created; redirects for element names only)
Uue–Uoq (E119–E184) each have an article page by their systematic name. That is 66 article page. Six of these are content pages (articles), and 58 are a redirect.
R: Redirects are non-content pages. Treated as non-existant page.
E172 would be the end of period 8 ("noble gas") and E173 would be the beginning of period 9.
All element articles and their infoboxes use IUPAC spelling of elements and compounds. Notably, that is aluminium, sulfur, caesium, not aluminum, sulphur, cesium. For other English variant words (vapor vs. vapour) the infobox reads |engvar=. The parameter should be set in the article, and has options: en-US (or blank; default), en-GB, en-OED.
Wikidata
