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  • 21 Aug, 2019

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Timeline Of Wrocław
Silesians until 985
Duchy of Poland 985–1025
Kingdom of Poland 1025–1038
Duchy of Bohemia 1038–1054
Kingdom of Poland 1054–ca. 1320
Duchy of Silesia 1320–1348
 Kingdom of Bohemia 1348–1469
Kingdom of Hungary 1469–1490
 Kingdom of Bohemia 1490–1526
Habsburg monarchy 1526–1742
Kingdom of Prussia 1742–1871
German Empire 1871–1918
Weimar Germany 1918–1933
 Nazi Germany 1933–1945
People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989
 Republic of Poland 1989–present

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Wrocław, Poland.

Prior to 16th century

Romanesque church of St. Giles, the oldest preserved church of Wrocław
The oldest printed text in the Polish language in the Statuta Synodalia Episcoporum Wratislaviensis, printed in Wrocław by Kasper Elyan, 1475

16th–18th centuries

19th century

Wrocław Opera
  • 1841 - Opera House opens.
  • 1842 - Upper Silesian Train Station built.
  • 1846 - Royal Palace building renovated.
  • 1848
    • Many local Polish students joined the Greater Poland uprising against Prussia.
    • 5 May: Convention of Polish activists from the Prussian and Austrian partitions of Poland.
    • 9 May–8 July: Stay of Polish national poet Juliusz Słowacki, during which he met his mother for the first time in nearly 20 years and the last time.
  • 1854 - Jewish Theological Seminary founded.
  • 1856 - Jewish Cemetery established in Gabitz.
  • 1857 - Central Station opens.
  • 1861
    • Local Poles join Polish national mourning after the massacre of Polish protesters by Russian troops in Warsaw in February 1861.
    • City becomes an important center of preparations for the Polish January Uprising in the Russian Partition of Poland.
    • Orchestral Society founded.
  • 1863
    • Mass searches of Polish homes by the Prussian police after the outbreak of the January Uprising.
    • June: City officially becomes the seat of secret Polish insurgent authorities.
    • New City Hall built.
  • 1864 - January: Arrests of several members of the Polish insurgent movement by the Prussian police.
  • 1865
  • 1868 - City limits expanded by including Gajowice, Huby, Nowa Wieś, Dworek, Rybaki and Szczytniki.
  • 1871
    • City becomes part of German Empire.
    • New Church of St. Michael consecrated.
    • Opera house rebuilt.
  • 1872
  • 1873 - Population: 208,025.
  • 1880 - Silesian Museum of Fine Arts established.
  • 1883
  • 1884 - Polish newspaper Nowiny Szląskie begins publication.
  • 1886 - Viadrina (Jewish student society) formed.
  • 1887 - "Government offices" built.
  • 1889 - Tumski Bridge constructed.
  • 1890 - Population: 335,186.
  • 1891 - Concert by Ignacy Jan Paderewski.
  • 1892 - Monopol Hotel built.
Market Square with the Old Town Hall around 1900
  • 1894
  • 1896 - Kleinburg (Dworek) and Pöpelwitz (Popowice) villages become part of city.
  • 1897 - Zwierzyniecki Bridge constructed.
  • 1899 - Silesian Museum of Applied Arts established.

20th century

1900–1939

Wrocław Market Hall in 1909
Part of the Workplace and House Exhibition

World War II (1939–1945)

  • 1939
  • 1940
    • Ausländer-Auffanglager forced labour camp established by the Germans; its prisoners were mostly Poles, but also Frenchmen, Czechs, Ukrainians, Hungarians, Yugoslavs, Greeks, etc. (mostly men, but also women and children)
    • Rheinmettal–Borsig forced labour camp established by the Germans; its prisoners were mostly Poles (men and women), but also Czechs (men and women), French POWs, Soviet POWs and Jews.
    • Forced labour camp in Sołtysowice established by the Germans; it housed between 4,000 and 10,000 prisoners, mostly Poles, but also Czechs, Ukrainians, Yugoslavs, Frenchmen, Englishmen, Dutchmen and Russians.
    • 20 April: Forced labour camp for Jewish men established by the Germans in the present-day district of Jerzmanowo.
    • September: Forced labour camp for Jews established by the Germans in Żerniki.
Monument to the Polish Olimp resistance organization in Wrocław
  • 1941 - Olimp underground Polish resistance organization formed.
  • 1942
    • 15 February: Forced labour camp for Jewish men in Jerzmanowo dissolved.
    • 15 July: Execution of Leon Kmiotek [pl], commander of the Wojskowa Organizacja Ziem Zachodnich (Military Organization of the Western Lands) Polish resistance organization by the Germans.
    • August: AL Breslau-Lissa subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp established by the Germans, its prisoners were mostly Poles, but also Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Frenchmen, Czechs, Yugoslavs.
  • 1943
    • April 23: Polish Zagra-Lin attacks Nazi German troop transport.
    • Dulag 410 transit camp for Allied prisoners of war established by the Germans.
  • 1944
    • March: Forced labour camp for Jews in Żerniki dissolved.
    • August: City declared a Nazi fortress.
    • Three more subcamps of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp established, for prisoners of various nationalities, including one subcamp for women.
    • Deportations of Poles from Warsaw to the forced labour camp in Sołtysowice following the Warsaw Uprising.
    • Prisoners of the Rheinmettal–Borsig forced labour camp evacuated to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in a death march.
  • 1945
    • January: evacuation of the prisoners of the Gross-Rosen subcamps to the main camp in death marches.
    • 20 January: Rheinmettal–Borsig forced labour camp dissolved.
    • January–April: Construction of a temporary airport, during which thousands of forced labourers were killed.
    • An AGSSt assembly center for Allied POWs established by the Germans.
    • February 13-May 6: Siege of Breslau.
    • April: Bombing of the Ausländer-Auffanglager forced labour camp; death of many prisoners.
    • May 7: Forced labour camp in Sołtysowice dissolved.
    • Polish Boleslaw Drobner becomes mayor.
    • Expulsion of Germans in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement begins.
    • June: Deportation of captured German POWs to the Soviet Union by the Russians.
    • 8 June: Nasz Wrocław, first post-war Polish newspaper of Wrocław begins publishing.

1946–1990s

National Museum, Wrocław
1997 Central European flood in Wrocław

21st century

New Horizons Film Festival, 2009
Stadion Miejski
Wrocław Old Town in 2017

See also

References

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  2. ^ Britannica 1910.
  3. ^ Roman Tomczak. "Gdzie jest szkielet bez głowy?". Gość Legnicki (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  4. ^ Adam Maksymowicz. "Niezwykła wyprawa Benedykta Polaka". Niedziela.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  5. ^ Baedeker 1873.
  6. ^ Agnieszka Vincenc. "Wrocławskie kamienice: Piwnica Świdnicka". KRN.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  7. ^ Magdalena Lewandowska. "Kolegiata Świętego Krzyża". Niedziela.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  8. ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. LXXII.
  9. ^ Maciej Łagiewski. "Spotkanie królów". Gazeta Wrocławska (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  10. ^ Szczegóła, Hieronim (1968). Kasper Elyan z Głogowa, pierwszy polski drukarz (in Polish). Zielona Góra: Muzeum Ziemi Lubuskiej. pp. 4, 6.
  11. ^ Richard Brookes (1786), "Breslaw", The General Gazetteer (6th ed.), London: J.F.C. Rivington
  12. ^ 150 Jahre Schlesische Zeitung, 1742-1892 (in German), W.G. Korn, 1892, OCLC 8658059, OL 23541958M
  13. ^ Wójtowicz, Norbert (2016). "Kostel Svatého Lazara ve Vratislavi". Reunion (in Czech). No. 1. p. 10. ISSN 1214-7443.
  14. ^ US Wrocław 1999, p. 5.
  15. ^ Pater 1976, p. 318.
  16. ^ Pater 1976, p. 317.
  17. ^ Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Breslau", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
  18. ^ "Breslau", Northern Germany as far as the Bavarian and Austrian frontiers (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
  19. ^ "Budowa i odsłonięcie pomnika Fryderyka Chopina we Wrocławiu". InfoChopin.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  20. ^ Hahn, Wiktor (1948). "Juliusz Słowacki w 1848 r.". Sobótka (in Polish). III (I). Wrocław: 105.
  21. ^ Hahn, p. 92
  22. ^ Hahn, pp. 97, 107
  23. ^ Pater 1963, p. 407.
  24. ^ Pater 1963, p. 408.
  25. ^ Pater 1963, p. 411.
  26. ^ Pater 1963, p. 412.
  27. ^ Pater 1963, pp. 414–415.
  28. ^ "Wrocław: Odsłonięto pomnik Ignacego Jana Paderewskiego". Gazeta Wrocław (in Polish). 17 June 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  29. ^ "Historia Teatru" (in Polish). Wrocławski Teatr Lalek. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
  30. ^ "Rok Jubileuszowy – Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne "Sokół"". Ossolineum (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  31. ^ Julius H. Greenstone (1931). "Liberal Jewish Youth Association of Breslau". Jewish Quarterly Review. New Series 21.
  32. ^ Małgorzata Wieliczko. "100 lat niepodległości: Konsulat II RP we Wrocławiu skrywał tajemnice". www.wroclaw.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  33. ^ Cygański, Mirosław (1984). "Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939–1945". Przegląd Zachodni (in Polish) (4): 36.
  34. ^ Cygański, p. 37
  35. ^ Fiedor, Karol (1968). "Antypolska działalność Stahlhelmu. zjazd wrocławski w 1931 roku". Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka (in Polish). XXIII (2). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich: 265–267.
  36. ^ "Riots in Breslau as Corn Returns". New York Times. January 25, 1933.
  37. ^ "see article "Concentration Camps in and around Breslau 1940–1945"". Roger Moorhouse. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010.
  38. ^ "Nazis Hold Sport Week". New York Times. July 25, 1938.
  39. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 63.
  40. ^ "Obóz przejściowy (areszt) dla więźniów (Ausländer-Auffanglager)". Ludzie ze znakiem "P" (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  41. ^ "Obóz pracy przymusowej na terenie Psiego Pola (Hundsfeld)". Ludzie ze znakiem "P" (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  42. ^ "Na Sołtysowicach znajdował się największy obóz pracy przymusowej we Wrocławiu w latach 1940-1945". WDolnymŚląsku.com (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  43. ^ "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Herrmannsdorf". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  44. ^ "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Breslau-Neukirch". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  45. ^ Pietrowicz, Aleksandra (2011). "Konspiracja wielkopolska 1939–1945". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 5–6 (126–127). IPN. p. 32. ISSN 1641-9561.
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  55. ^ Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 30 listopada 1972 r. w sprawie zmiany granic miast Krakowa, Poznania i Wrocławia., Dz. U., 1972, vol. 50, No. 323
  56. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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  61. ^ Daria Kędzierska (25 May 2011). "Pomnik rotmistrza Pileckiego odsłonięty". Tu Wrocław (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
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  68. ^ "Trudna noc na Marszowicach, Stabłowicach i Złotnikach. Mieszkańcy budowali umocnienia" (in Polish). 18 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.

This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

See also: History of Wrocław § Bibliography

in English

in other languages

  • "Breslau". Allgemeine Deutsche Real-Encyclopädie für die Gebildeten Stände (in German) (7th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1827.
  • "Breslau". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
  • Wrocław w liczbach 2000 (PDF) (in Polish). Wrocław: Urząd Statystyczny we Wrocławiu. 1999. ISBN 83-911967-7-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2020 – via Śląska Biblioteka Cyfrowa.
  • Ludwig Sittenfeld (1909), Geschichte des Breslauer Theaters von 1841 bis 1900 [History of the Breslau Theatre from 1841 to 1900] (in German), Breslau: Preusz, OL 23360659M
  • P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Breslau". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
  • Pater, Mieczysław (1976). "Polska poezja okolicznościowo-rewolucyjna we Wrocławiu (1812–1822)". Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka (in Polish). XXXI (2). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk.
  • Pater, Mieczysław (1963). "Wrocławskie echa powstania styczniowego". Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka (in Polish). XVIII (4). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich.
  • Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte, ed. (1989), Breslau, Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), vol. 4, ISBN 978-3891150009
  • Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Breslau". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wrocław.

51°07′N 17°02′E / 51.117°N 17.033°E / 51.117; 17.033

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