Tiruchirappalli District is one of the 38 districts, located along the Kaveri River, in Tamil Nadu, India. The headquarters of the district is the city of Tiruchirappalli.

During the British Raj, the district was referred to as Trichinopoly, and was a district of the Madras Presidency; it was renamed upon India's declaration of independence in 1947. The district is spread over an area of 4,404 square kilometres (1,700 sq mi) and had a population of 2,722,290 in 2011.

Tiruchirappalli district lies almost at the exact centre of Tamil Nadu. The district has an area of 4,404 square kilometres. It is bounded in the north by Salem district, Northwest by Namakkal district, in the Northeast by Perambalur District, East by Ariyalur district and Thanjavur District, in the southeast by Pudukkottai district and Sivagangai district, in the south by Madurai district, in the southwest by Dindigul district and, in the west by Karur district. The district shares its borders with 10 other districts, the highest for any district in the state. The Kaveri river flows through the length of the district and is the principal source of irrigation and drinking water.

Kolli Hills form the boundary of Tiruchirapalli and Namakkal districts and Pachaimalai Hills form the Boundary of Salem and Perambalur district with Tiruchirapalli district in the North and North East.

The North most and South most parts of the district are hilly, central part of the district is Kaveri plains. Trichy district is diverse in landscape, mixture of Fertile, Delta, Valleys, Hilly areas, Semi Arid Zones. Central part of the district is fertile due to river Kaveri flowing through this district, by splitting the district into North and South. North Central and South Central part of the district is Semi arid and drought prone area, receives less rainfall. Evergreen Pachaimalai Hills and Kolli Hills form the Stunning and Enchanting Valley in between these two hills. Falls and Streams from these two hills fills up the lakes in valley areas and makes the land irrigated and Fertile.

Pachaimalai Hills receives high rain fall than average during both Northeast Monsoon as well as Southwest Monsoon, which makes these hills Greener throughout the year and gives a cool climate.

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 807,320 —     1911 876,070 +0.82% 1921 912,177 +0.40% 1931 918,342 +0.07%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1941 1,035,927 +1.21% 1951 1,184,158 +1.35% 1961 1,304,039 +0.97% 1971 1,650,768 +2.39%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1981 1,900,566 +1.42% 1991 2,196,473 +1.46% 2001 2,418,366 +0.97% 2011 2,722,290 +1.19%
source:

According to 2011 census, Tiruchirappalli district had a population of 2,722,290 with a sex-ratio of 1,013 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. 49.15% of the population lives in urban areas. A total of 272,456 were under the age of six, constituting 139,946 males and 132,510 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 17.14% and 0.67% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 74.9%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The district had a total of 698,404 households. There were a total of 1,213,979 workers, comprising 161,657 cultivators, 319,720 main agricultural labourers, 25,174 in house hold industries, 575,778 other workers, 131,650 marginal workers, 9,012 marginal cultivators, 59,062 marginal agricultural labourers, 5,212 marginal workers in household industries and 58,364 other marginal workers.

At the time of the 2011 census, 95.67% of the population spoke Tamil, 2.08% Telugu .

Source:

District	No.	Constituency	Name	Party		Alliance		Remarks
Tiruchirappalli	138	Manapaarai	P. Abdul Samad		Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MMK)		SPA
	139	Srirangam	M. Palaniyandi		Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam		SPA
	140	Tiruchirappalli (West)	K. N. Nehru		Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam		SPA	Deputy Leader of the House
	141	Tiruchirappalli (East)	Inigo S. Irudayaraj		Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam		SPA
	142	Thiruverumbur	Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi		Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam		SPA
	143	Lalgudi	A. Soundara Pandian		Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam		SPA
	144	Manachanallur	S. Kathiravan		Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam		SPA
	145	Musiri	N. Thiyagarajan		Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam		SPA
	146	Thuraiyur (SC)	S. Stalin Kumar		Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam		SPA

In 2013, Tiruchirappalli district went from nine taluks to eleven taluks.

• Thuraiyur taluk
• Manapparai taluk
• Marungapuri taluk
• Srirangam taluk
• Tiruchirappalli West taluk
• Tiruchirappalli East taluk
• Thiruverumbur taluk
• Lalgudi taluk
• Manachanallur taluk
• Musiri taluk
• Thottiyam taluk

Tiruchirappalli District consists of the following urban centres:

• Trichy City

• Thuraiyur town
• Manapparai town
• Thuvakudi town
• Lalgudi town
• Musiri town

• Manachanallur town panchayat
• Thottiyam town panchayat
• Uppiliapuram Town panchayat
• S. Kannanur (samayaburam) town Panchayat
• Tha. Pettai town Panchayat
• pullambadi town Panchayat
• kaatuputhur town Panchayat
• jiyaburam Panchayat
• pettavaithalai Panchayat
• Thandalaiputhur panchayat
• Navalurkuttapattu panchayat
• Mettupalayam panchayat
• B.Mettur panchayat
• Balakrishnampatti panchayat
• Thataiyagarpettai panchayat
• mangalam panchayat

• Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
• High Energy Projectile Factory (HEPF)
• Golden Rock Railway Workshop
• Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli
• Light and heavy engineering
• Leather Tanneries
• Food Processing
• Sugar Mills
• (Traditional) Cigar Making (village) Industries
• Hosiery and garments (to a small extent)
• IT/BPO
• Manufacturing of Synthetic Stones for Jewelry

The major rivers are the River Kaveri and the River Kollidam. The important rivers across city is Koraiyar, Uyyakondan and Kudamuruti rivers.

The district has a large cattle and poultry population with agriculture workers in the smaller villages like Kalpalayathanpatti.

The rivers Kaveri and Kollidam start branching out to form the Kaveri delta irrigating vast tracts of land in the district. The major crops are rice (vast tracts); sugarcane (vast tracts); banana/plantain; coconut; cotton (small tracts); betel; maize; and groundnut.

Trichirapalli district is well known for all varieties of Banana Cultivation. Banana research centre is located in Tiruchirapalli Agricultural University. National Research Centre for Banana, ICAR NRB is also located in Trichy.

Tiruchirapalli district is well known for Sugarcane Plantation also, Agriculture Research Centre for Sugarcane is located in Sirugamani.

Coffee, Hill Jackfruit, Cassava, mountain crops are grown in the Pachaimalai Hills of Tiruchirapalli district.

The first five divya desam temples are located in tiruchirappalli district.

1. Srirangam Ranganathaswamy Temple (1st Divya Desam)
2. Azhagiya Manavala Perumal Temple (2nd Divya Desam)
3. Uthamar Kovil (3rd Divya Desam)
4. Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple (4th Divya Desam)
5. Sundararaja Perumal temple (5th Divya Desam)

• Srirangam
• Tiruchirapalli District