Umm al-Kilab (Arabic: أُم الكِلاب, also spelled Umm el-Kelab) is a Palestinian village in the southern Gaza Strip, part of the Khan Yunis Governorate. It is located south of Khan Yunis and east of Rafah, on the border with the Rafah Governorate. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Umm al-Kilab had a population of 999 in 2006.

In the 1880s Umm al-Kilab was described in the Palestine Exploration Fund's Quarterly Statement as a village that measured about 800 by 600 paces. It had an estimated elevation of 215 feet above sea level. The explorers found sandstone pottery and noted the presence of seven circular cisterns. The surrounding countryside was inhabited by Tarabin Bedouin.

The neighborhood was a frequent target of Israeli bombing during the Gaza genocide.