Damascus University (Arabic: جامعة دمشق, romanized: Jāmiʾa Dimashq) is the largest and oldest university in Syria, located in the capital Damascus, with campuses in other Syrian cities. It was founded in 1923 as the Syrian University (Arabic: الجامعة السورية, romanized: al-Jāmiʾa al-Sūriyya) through the merger of the Medical School (established 1903) and the Institute of Law (established 1913). It adopted its current name after the founding of the University of Aleppo in 1958.

Damascus University was one of the most reputable universities in the Arab World before the Syrian civil war started in 2011.

The University of Damascus consists of several faculties, higher institutes, intermediate institutes and a school of nursing. One of the institutions specializes in teaching the Arabic language to foreigners, which as of 2005 was the largest institution of its kind in the Arab world.

In 1901, the establishment of the Office of the School of Medicine in Damascus was approved and in 1903 this school, which is the nucleus of the university, opened. The school included branches in medicine and pharmacy, and the language of instruction was Turkish.

In 1913, a Law School opened in Beirut, in which most of the teachers were Arabs and the language of instruction was Arabic. Then this school was transferred to Damascus in 1914 just as the School of Medicine moved to Beirut. Then in the last years of the First World War the Law School returned to Beirut.

Following that the Institute of Medicine and the School of Law opened in Damascus, the former at the beginning of January in 1919 and the latter in September of the same year.

In 1923, the School of Law was named the Institute of Law and this institute was linked together with the Institute of Medicine, the Arab Society, and the Center of Arabic Heritage in organization under the name of the Syrian University. Then the Arab Society and the Center of Arabic Heritage separated from the organization in 1926.

In 1928, the School of Higher Literary Studies was established and it connected its administration with the university. In 1929 it became the School of Letters, which closed in 1935–1936.

Then starting in 1946, the university was no longer limited to the Institutes of Medicine and Law, but rather faculties and higher institutions were created in other subjects.

In 1958, a new law was created to regulate the universities in the northern and southern regions of the United Arab Republic. This led to changing the name of “the Syrian University” to “Damascus University” and to the creation of a second northern university called “the University of Aleppo.”

In 1959, The College of Fine Arts was established in Damascus and became part of Damascus University in 1972.

Damascus University awards graduate (Master, Ph.D. Professional Training and Qualification) and undergraduate (Bachelor) degree programs. The period of study for the bachelor's degree ranges from 4 to 6 years, based on the need for each discipline of study. The Master programs combine course work and research, and require a minimum of two years and a maximum of a three. Under certain circumstances, an additional fourth year may be approved by a decision of the university council based on the recommendation of the faculty council. The Ph.D. degree is a fully research program. The period of research is not less than two years and not more than five years by the decision of the university council based on the recommendation of the faculty council. although some faculties -Like Faculty of Arts, English Literature Department- does not award Ph.D. degree. Also, the university associated with some of the other Syrian institutions and research centers such as Atomic Energy Commission of Syria and International University for Science and Technology.

• Medicine: Founded in 1903. It is one of the top ten international providers of licensed physicians to the United States, the third in the Eastern hemisphere.
• Pharmacy: Founded in 1903.
• Dentistry: Founded in 1921.
• Information Technology: Founded in 1994.
• Civil Engineering: Founded in 1961.
• Mechanical Engineering & Electrical Engineering: Founded in 1963.
• Economics: Founded in 1956.
• Arts and Humanities: Founded in 1928.
• Education: Founded in 1946.
• Agriculture: Founded in 1963.
• Islamic Jurisprudence: Founded in 1954.
• Architecture: Founded in 1960.
• Sciences
• Fine Arts: Founded in 1960.
• Political Science: Founded in 1979.
• Law: Founded in 1913.
• Tourism

• Higher Institute of Laser Research and Applications
• Higher Institute of Administrative Development
• Higher Institute of Seismologic Studies and Research
• Higher Institute of Languages
• Higher Institute of Translation and Interpretation

The Arabic Language Institute at the University of Damascus is recognized as the best center to study Arabic for non-native speakers in the world. The Center for Arabic Study abroad, the premier U.S. organization for Arabic study, is now opening a second branch at the university. The Arabic Language Institute at the University of Damascus is known for immersion instruction in Arabic, allowing more rapid, natural and comprehensive language acquisition. The Arabic Language Institute's faculty is committed to classical Arabic instruction, offering an advantage to either Egypt or Jordan where much instruction is conducted in the local dialect.

The duration of the study is two years, when the graduate students receive a diploma from the institute itself according to the jurisdiction of their choice.

• Technical Institute of Business Administration and Marketing: with the following disciplines: Business Administration – Marketing – Public Relations.
• Technical Institute of Finance and Banking Sciences: (formerly known as the "Commercial Institute", offers associate degrees in the following disciplines: Accounting – financial markets – banking studies. The best students are offered the opportunity to continue their education at the Faculty of Economics.)
• Technical Institute of Medicine
• Technical Institute of Dentistry
• Technical Institute of Engineering
• Technical Institute of Mechanical Engineering and electricity
• Technical Institute of Computer Science
• Technical Institute of Agricultural studies

On 13 November 2012, the President Bashar al-Assad issued a decree on establishing a branch for Damascus University in Madinat al-Salam, a city in the Governorate of Quneitra.

The Open Learning Center offers degrees in three majors:

• Legal studies
• Computer and informatics
• Minor and intermediate projects
• English language

The University of Damascus Library began in 1903 (with the establishment of the Medical Bureau). As of 2011 it contains some 169,000 volumes and 3,830 current periodicals.

The university runs eight hospitals in the city of Damascus:

• National University Hospital (Damascus)
• Al Mouwasat University Hospital
• Obstetrics & Gynecology University Hospital
• Cardiac Surgery University Hospital
• Dermatology & Venereal Diseases University Hospital
• Children's University Hospital
• Al Bairouni University Hospital
• Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Hospital

• Business Clinics (Shabab-Damascus). Also, the University of Damascus has co-operative agreements with other local university such as International University for Science and Technology in addition to international agreements.

In 2023, Damascus University rose in the QS Ranking due to its sustainable development research. In 2024, the university was ranked in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings at the rank +1501, which was the only Syrian university ranked in the THE World University Rankings. Damascus University also increased in the Webometrics ranking.

The emblem of Damascus University reflects the importance of science and endless desire of human for knowledge, as well as the privacy of Damascus in development of science and scientists.

The lamp is the symbol of knowledge in different cultures, it radiates the light of knowledge and science, crowned with a verse from the Quran: "say oh my Lord, increase me in knowledge", which is the motto of Damascus University and its non-stop seeking.