Velim is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,200 inhabitants.

The village of Vítězov is an administrative part of Velim.

The oldest name of the village was Velyně. It was derived from the personal name Vela, meaning "Vela's hamlet". In the second half of the 14th century, the name was distorted to Velim and this form then completely prevailed.

Velim is located about 7 kilometres (4 mi) northwest of Kolín and 40 km (25 mi) east of Prague. It lies in a flat agricultural landscape in the Central Elbe Table.

The first written mention of Velim is in a deed of King John of Bohemia from 1323. According to legend, Velim was first mentioned in 999, when Duke Boleslaus II donated the area to his son Oldřich. The railway was built in 1843. The construction of the railway started the development of the village and industrialization.

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% 1869 1,419 —     1880 1,821 +28.3% 1890 1,962 +7.7% 1900 2,170 +10.6% 1910 2,392 +10.2%	Year Pop. ±% 1921 2,395 +0.1% 1930 2,425 +1.3% 1950 2,306 −4.9% 1961 2,392 +3.7% 1970 2,243 −6.2%	Year Pop. ±% 1980 2,040 −9.1% 1991 1,879 −7.9% 2001 1,985 +5.6% 2011 2,108 +6.2% 2021 2,238 +6.2%
Source: Censuses

Velim is known for the Velim test centre, a railway rolling stock testing facility operated by VUZ (Railway Research Institute).

Velim is located on the Prague–Kolín railway line.

The main landmarks of Velim are the two churches. The Church of Saint Lawrence was built in the Gothic style in the 13th century and rebuilt in the Baroque style in the mid-18th century. Next to the church is a separate bell tower, built in 1767.

The Evangelical church was built at the end of the 18th century and rebuilt into its current form in 1852.

• Stanislava Součková (1923–1997), operatic soprano
• Vladimír Karbusický (1925–2002), musicologist and folklorist
• Jaroslav Souček (1935–2006), operatic baritone

• Official website