Waiting For A Train (Jimmie Rodgers Song)
Rodgers, who was familiar with the tune, reworked it with producer Ralph Peer. Complementary to Rodgers' characteristic blues guitar, the recording session featured a jazz combo the singer found while visiting a bar in Atlanta, Georgia, just before the recording session.
It became one of Rodgers' most popular songs, as the Wall Street Crash of 1929 made the composition relatable to everyday life during the Great Depression. Rodgers became the best selling act of the year. Since then, "Waiting for a Train" has been recorded by several other artists. Boxcar Willie, who also sang I'll Fly Away, recorded this song.
Origins
The origins of the song were traced by D. K. Wilgus, a music scholar and professor at UCLA, to a mid-nineteenth-century broadside ballad printed by Catnach Press in London, entitled "Standing on the Platform", with the subtitle "Waiting for the train". The song recounted the story of a man who met a woman at a railway station, who later falsely accused him of assaulting her. Modified versions of the ballad appeared in diverse songbooks of the era, such as Billy Newcomb's San Francisco Minstrels' Songster (1868), Billy Cottons Ethiopian Songster (1870), a sheet music published by S. Brainard Sons (1870) and Coming Through the Rye (1871). In the 1880s, a version called "Wild and Reckless Hobo" was published. In July 1909, the request of a reader for a complete version of a poem was published in the Railroad Man's Magazine. The man only knew the first two verses:
While standing on the platform, waiting for the train,
Cold and hungry, I lay down, out in the cold and rain
Thinking o'er those good old times I ne'er shall see again,
Ten thousand miles away from home, I've bummed a railroad-train.
The request was not replied to, but the magazine printed the poem as "10,000 Miles From Home" five years later in 1914. Sociologists Guy Benton Johnson and Howard W. Odum collected verses of the song during their field research of black culture in the Southern United States in the late 1910s. The composition was also traditionally known as "Danville Girl". The earliest known recording of the song was made by George Reneau as "Reckless Hobo" on February 24, 1925, and released by Aeolian-Vocalion Records. In 1929, Prince Albert Hunt released it as "Waltz of the Roses" on Okeh Records.
Recording
Jimmie Rodgers started singing his own version of the song around early 1925. He later received a suggestion to record it in 1928. Rodgers could only remember some of the words to the song. Since he was only able to play only a few chords on the guitar, he could not use the original tune. He and producer Ralph Peer rewrote the lyrics to the song to fit Rodgers' guitar skills. The composition was at the time in the public domain, but with the changes in the lyrics and music, Peer decided he would be able to copyright it under Rodgers' name. It was written in a six-line stanza. "Waiting for a Train" told the story of a man, now turned a hobo, as he struggled to return to his home. He is found by a brakeman while riding through Texas, and thrown off of the boxcar to continue on foot. The recording introduced Rodgers' trademark train whistle. Rodgers produced the sound on the back of his throat by mixing a yodel with a whistle.
Rodgers arrived in Atlanta, Georgia, a week before his recording session for the Victor Talking Machine Company was scheduled. While experiencing the night life of the city at a speakeasy, Rodgers encountered a jazz combo composed of Dean Bryan (guitar), C. L. Hutchinson (cornet), James Rikard (clarinet), George MacMillan (bass fiddle) and John Westbrook (steel guitar). Rodgers invited the group to join him in his upcoming session after trying out some songs with their backing. In addition to Rodgers' characteristic blues guitar sound, the participation of the combo known as the Westbrook Conservatory Entertainers on "Waiting for a Train" gave the song a "jazz-flavored" sound. After the train whistle, Rodgers sang the first verse and followed with his signature yodel. Then a dixieland-style breakdown composed of cornet and clarinet joined in, with a long clarinet solo featured. Rodgers followed with his guitar, accompanied by the steel guitar, both playing in the style of a twelve-bar blues. The October 22 session took place between 9 a.m. and 1 p.m., and yielded the recordings of "Waiting for a Train" and "I'm Lonely and Blue". The recording of "Waiting for a Train" was done in four takes, with the final one being selected as the master.
It was paired with a song from a later session, "Blue Yodel No. 4", and was released on February 8, 1929, with the catalog number V-40014. It was copyrighted on March 23. On the record pressing, "Waiting for a Train" was assigned to V-40014-B. Victor added "A" and "B" at the end of the catalog number to differentiate the sides. Before the 1930s, the songs contained in a record would be referred to as "sides", and promoted together equally. The names of the compositions were published with letters of the same size and font by record companies, accompanied by the catalog number of the releases. Reviewers of the time commonly mentioned both sides of the record without focusing on a particular song.
The disk sold 365,000 copies upon its release, and became Rodgers' second-best-selling recording, behind the pairing of "Blue Yodel No. 1 (T for Texas)" / "Away Out in the Mountain". The Victor Talking Machine Company sound engineers later discovered that the strong sound of the bass fiddle on the original recording damaged the grooves as it was played. Victor re-dubbed the track, and later issues featured the bass sound cut in half.
Reception
The composition became popular as the Wall Street Crash of 1929 in October led on to the Great Depression. The themes depicted on it became commonplace in the lives of unemployed Americans. In respect to Rodgers' role, critic Dave Marsh has pointed out: "it was Rodgers—far more than Woody Guthrie—who was the true voice of the Depression". In November 1929, Rodgers starred in the short The Singing Brakeman, by Columbia Pictures. Filmed on the Victor lot in Camden, New Jersey, the film depicted Rodgers singing in a railroad restaurant. It opened with "Waiting for a Train". Rolling Stone later considered the film to be "one of the first-ever country music videos" and remarked upon Rodgers' understanding of the importance of trains as the subject of songs in the genre.
Reviews of Rodgers' concerts that included the song at the time remarked it to be among the numbers which "proved most popular", and remarked its appeal to the audiences. Others referring to his blues guitar on the performances concluded that Rodgers "plays as entertainingly as he sings".
Rodgers became the best-selling country act of 1929. Other labels started to look for artists that sounded like him to replicate his success. Though it was at the time already considered a traditional song, Prince Albert Hunt claimed that Rodgers copied his record. "Waiting for a Train" was first covered by Ed Jake West on the American Record Corporation label, followed by Riley Puckett on Columbia Records. In May 1929, Gene Autry released his own cover of the song, with singer Frankie Marvin providing the whistle sound. His producer, Art Satherley talked to him about not recording any more Rodgers covers. Since Autry had been covering many of Rodgers' songs soon after their release, Satherley felt he was becoming an imitator. The singles sold poorly, and he advised Autry to find better material.
Legacy
Buddy Jones recorded it in 1940, and Wilf Carter in 1941. Ernest Tubb released it on Decca Records in 1948. Based on the aggregate score of 73 by operators, disk-jockeys and record dealers, Billboard deemed Tubb's version on its scale as "good".
Robert Johnson's step-sister, Annye, remembered Rodgers as their favorite country singer. Johnson played "Waiting for a Train", and imitated Rodgers' yodel. Johnny Cash included it in his album Blood, Sweat and Tears. On May 10, 1962, Cash appeared at Carnegie Hall. A fan of Rodgers', Cash designed a concept show based around him. Rodgers' daughter lent him one of her fathers' costumes to wear during the appearance. Cash ordered the lights of the concert hall to be turned off, so he could be only illuminated during his entrance by a lantern that belonged to Rodgers. Following a Rodgers' signature move, Cash walked to a chair on the center of the stage, and put his knee on it. He opened with "Waiting for a Train". George Harrison cited Rodgers as one of his early influences, and credited the pairing of "Blue Yodel No. 4" and "Waiting for a Train" owned by his father as the first guitar recordings he heard. Harrison would musically quote part of "Waiting for a Train" in his track "Rocking Chair in Hawaii" on his final album Brainwashed.
Jim Reeves released it as the flip-side to his single "Am I Losing You" in 1956, and then included it in his 1962 album The Country Side of Jim Reeves. Furry Lewis re-recorded it as "Dying Hobo". It featured his own version of the yodel, and it was released on the Blue Horizon label in 1969. Merle Haggard recorded his own version for his 1969 tribute album Same Train, a Different Time. Jerry Lee Lewis released a version of it on Sun Records in 1970. Lewis started to play the song during his childhood upon request of his father, Elmo, and kept performing it as part of his frequent set numbers. On his version, he replicated Rodgers' yodel. It peaked at eleven in the Hot Country Singles chart in 1971.
Chart performance
Jerry Lee Lewis
| Chart (1971) | Peak position |
|---|---|
| Billboard Hot Country Singles | 11 |
See also
Footnotes
- ^ "Victor matrix BVE-47223. Waiting for a train / Jimmie Rodgers - Discography of American Historical Recordings". adp.library.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
- ^ Cohen, Norm 2000, p. 357.
- ^ Cohen, Norm 2000, p. 359.
- ^ RRManM Staff 1909, p. 384.
- ^ Cohen, Norm 2000, p. 358.
- ^ Bond, Johnny 1978, p. 6.
- ^ Porterfield, Nolan 2007, p. 162.
- ^ Heylin, Clinton 2015, p. 84.
- ^ Cohen, Norm 2000, p. 162.
- ^ Porterfield, Nolan 2007, p. 163.
- ^ McCall, Michael; Rumble, John; Kingsbury, Paul 2004, p. 367.
- ^ Perone, James 2016, pp. 79, 80.
- ^ Malone, Bill; McCulloh, Judith 1975, p. 130.
- ^ Daniel, Wayne 2001, p. 83.
- ^ Sullivan, Steve 2013, p. 446.
- ^ Nunn,Erich 2015, p. 75.
- ^ Fry, Robert 2017, p. 46.
- ^ DAHR staff.
- ^ Cohen, Norm 2000, p. 360.
- ^ Victor 1929.
- ^ Osborne, Richard 2013, p. 194.
- ^ Osborne, Richard 2013, p. 193.
- ^ Tribe, Ivan 2006, p. 45.
- ^ Perone, James 2016, p. 81.
- ^ Marsh, Dave 1983, p. 429.
- ^ Mazor, Barry 2009, p. 92.
- ^ Betts, Stephen 2019.
- ^ Lubbock Morning Avalanche staff 1929, p. 12.
- ^ Chattanooga Daily Times 1929, p. 10.
- ^ The Austin American staff 1932, p. 10.
- ^ Cusic, Don 2010, p. 16.
- ^ Russell, Tony; Pinson, Bob 2004, p. 945.
- ^ Russell, Tony; Pinson, Bob 2004, p. 719.
- ^ George Warren, Holy 2007, p. 64.
- ^ Russell, Tony; Pinson, Bob 2004, p. 466.
- ^ Russell, Tony; Pinson, Bob 2004, p. 186.
- ^ Billboard staff 1948, p. 115.
- ^ James, Ben 2020.
- ^ Edwards, Leigh 2009, p. 78.
- ^ Hilburn, Robert 2014, pp. 231–232.
- ^ Lewisohn, Mark 2013, p. 49.
- ^ Mazor, Barry 2009, p. 254.
- ^ Mawhinney, Paul 1983, p. 20.
- ^ Hinton, Brian 2012, p. 221.
- ^ Heylin, Clinton 2015, p. 89.
- ^ California Folklore Society staff 1971, p. 283.
- ^ Cantwell, David 2013, p. 136.
- ^ Bonomo, Joe 2009, p. 162.
- ^ Bragg, Rick 2014, p. 82.
- ^ Tosches, Nick 2009, p. 84.
- ^ Billboard staff 2020.
References
- The Austin American staff (January 20, 1932). "Yodeler Rodgers Entertains Rotary". Austin American. Vol. 18, no. 234. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Betts, Stephen (September 15, 2019). "Flashback: Jimmie Rodgers Becomes the 'Father of Country Music'". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Billboard staff (1948). "Record Reviews". Billboard. Vol. 60, no. 15. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
- Billboard staff (2020). "Jerry Lee Lewis – Chart History". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
- Bond, Johnny (1978). The Recordings of Jimmie Rodgers: An Annotated Discography. John Edwards Memorial Foundation.
- Bonomo, Joe (2009). Jerry Lee Lewis: Lost and Found. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-826-42966-7.
- Bragg, Rick (2014). Jerry Lee Lewis: His Own Story. Canongate Books. ISBN 978-0-857-86160-3.
- California Folklore Society staff (1971). Western Folklore. Vol. 29–30. California Folklore Society.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - Cantwell, David (2013). Merle Haggard: The Running Kind. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-75417-1.
- Chattanooga Daily Times (December 14, 1929). "Yodeler Cheered by Crowd of 1,400". Chattanooga Daily Times. Vol. 60, no. 365. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
- Cohen, Norm (2000). Long Steel Rail: The Railroad in American Folksong. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06881-2.
- Cusic, Don (2010). Gene Autry : His Life and Career. McFarland & Co Inc. ISBN 978-0-786-45978-0.
- Daniel, Wayne (2001). Pickin' on Peachtree: A History of Country Music in Atlanta, Georgia. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06968-0.
- DAHR staff. "Victor matrix BVE-47223. Waiting for a train / Jimmie Rodgers". Rigler-Deutsch Index. UC Santa Barbara. Retrieved September 21, 2020.
- Edwards, Leigh (2009). Johnny Cash and the Paradox of American Identity. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-22061-5.
- Fry, Robert (2017). Performing Nashville: Music Tourism and Country Music's Main Street. Stringer. ISBN 978-1-137-50482-1.
- George Warren, Holy (2007). Public Cowboy No. 1: The Life and Times of Gene Autry. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-88429-2.
- Heylin, Clinton (2015). It's One For The Money. Hachette UK. ISBN 978-147-211200-2.
- Hilburn, Robert (2014). Johnny Cash: The Life. Hachette UK. ISBN 978-0-316-19474-7.
- Hinton, Brian (2012). Country Roads: How Country Came to Nashville. Bobcat Books. ISBN 978-0-857-12844-7.
- James, Ben (December 29, 2020). "'Brother Robert' Reveals True Story Of Growing Up With Blues Legend Robert Johnson". All Things Considered. National Public Radio. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
- Lewisohn, Mark (2013). Tune In: The Beatles: All These Years. Crown. ISBN 978-0-804-13934-2.
- Lubbock Morning Avalanche staff (April 12, 1929). "Yodeller Pleases: Jimmie Rodgers On At the Palace". Lubbock Morning Avalanche. Vol. 6, no. 116. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Malone, Bill; McCulloh, Judith (1975). Stars of Country Music: Uncle Dave Macon to Johnny Rodriguez. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-00527-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Marsh, Dave (1983). The New Rolling Stone Record Guide. Random House / Rolling Stone Press. ISBN 978-0-394-72107-1.
- Mawhinney, Paul (1983). MusicMaster: The 45 RPM Record Directory : 1947 to 1982. Record-Rama. ISBN 978-0-910-92501-3.
- Mazor, Barry (2009). Meeting Jimmie Rodgers: How America's Original Roots Music Hero Changed the Pop Sounds of a Century. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-71666-1.
- McCall, Michael; Rumble, John; Kingsbury, Paul (2004). The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-77055-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Nunn,Erich (2015). Sounding the Color Line: Music and Race in the Southern Imagination. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-820-34737-0.
- Osborne, Richard (2013). Vinyl: A History of the Analogue Record. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-409-47204-9.
- Perone, James (2016). Smash Hits: The 100 Songs That Defined America: The 100 Songs That Defined America. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-440-83469-1.
- Porterfield, Nolan (2007). Jimmie Rodgers: The Life and Times of America's Blue Yodeler. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-604-73160-6.
- RRManM Staff (1909). "Songs of the Rail". Railroad Man's Magazine. 9 (2). Frank A. Munsey Co.
- Russell, Tony; Pinson, Bob (2004). Country Music Records: A Discography, 1921–1942. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-195-13989-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Sullivan, Steve (2013). Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings. Vol. 1. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-810-882-966.
- Tosches, Nick (2009). Country: The Twisted Roots Of Rock 'n' Roll. Hachette UK. ISBN 978-0-786-75098-6.
- Tribe, Ivan (2006). Country: A Regional Exploration. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33026-1.
- Victor (1929). "Blue Yodel No. 4" / "Waiting for a Train" (Phonograph Record). V-40014. Victor Talking Machine Company.
